Film thickness (t(f)) ranged from 30 to 400 nm. We have done the following experiments on those films: saturation magnetostriction (lambda(S)), high-temperature magnetic hysteresis, x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy, Auger-depth profile analysis, and plane-view and/or cross-section transmission electron

microscopy. Our main finding is that if x increases from 0 to 19 atom % Co, lambda(S) increases from 56 to 152 ppm, and if x continues to increase from 19 to 23 atom % Co, lambda(S) decreases. These results indicate that the addition of Co in the Fe81Ga19 alloy is advantageous in enhancing lambda(S), if x is the correct value. From XRD, the Fe62Co19Ga19/Si(100) film comprises selleck products the A2 and B2 phases. The mechanism for large enhancement of lambda(S) in Fe62Co19Ga19/Si(100)

is related to an intrinsic origin. The tf dependence of lambda(S) for the Fe62Co19Ga19 films is that: [1] in the range of 110 <= t(f) <= 400 nm, lambda(S) Selleckchem CX-5461 increases as t(f) decreases; [2] in the range of 30 <= t(f) <= 110 nm, lambda(S) decreases as t(f) continues to decrease. The lambda(S) behavior in the regions [1] and [2] is explained based on the modified Neel model. Other physical properties of the Fe62Co19Ga19 films include the following: saturation magnetization 4 pi MS = 1.8 – 2.0 T, coercivity H-C = 35 – 64 Oe, Curie temperature T-C = 597 degrees C, planar (mean) grain size D-P = 29.6 nm, and columnar grain size D-L approximate to t(f). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3553768]“
“Transcriptome analyses of organ transplants have until now Taselisib in vitro usually focused on whole tissue samples containing activation profiles from different cell populations. Here, we enriched endothelial cells from rat cardiac allografts and isografts, establishing

their activation profile at baseline and on days 2, 3 and 4 after transplantation. Modulated transcripts were assigned to three categories based on their regulation profile in allografts and isografts. Categories A and B contained the majority of transcripts and showed similar regulation in both graft types, appearing to represent responses to surgical trauma. By contrast, category C contained transcripts that were partly allograft-specific and to a large extent associated with interferon-gamma-responsiveness. Several transcripts were verified by immunohistochemical analysis of graft lesions, among them the matricellular protein periostin, which was one of the most highly upregulated transcripts but has not been associated with transplantation previously. In conclusion, the majority of the differentially expressed genes in graft endothelial cells are affected by the transplantation procedure whereas relatively few are associated with allograft rejection.

(C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 1952-1957, 2010″
“Guidelines issued by the British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons suggest that the ratio of elective to emergency cases in plastic surgery units should be 2:1.

To investigate how the workload composition of a regional plastic surgery unit compared with these guidelines.

The changes in

the workload composition of a regional plastic surgery unit were examined by retrospectively analysing all plastic and reconstructive surgery CH5183284 cell line cases performed over 12 years (1998-2009).

This time period saw a change from a 1:2 ratio of elective to trauma procedures, to the recommended ratio, at a time when the overall caseload increased by almost 40 % (3,281 procedures in 1998 to 4,529 procedures in 2009).

Expansion of staff

numbers at consultant and non-consultant grades, and increased resources (allocated theatre sessions and outpatient clinics) were pivotal to this change.”
“Study Design. A retrospective study.

Objective. The purpose of this study are (1) to analyze prevalence of clinical and radiologic EPZ6438 adjacent segment diseases (ASD), (2) to find precipitating factor of clinical ASD in each isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis groups, and (3) to compare clinical and radiologic change in isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis.

Summary of Background Data. There is no clinical report regarding the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating ASD in patient who underwent 360 fusion with single-level spondylolisthesis with healthy adjacent segment.

Methods. selleck chemical A total of 69 patients who underwent instrumented single-level interbody fusion at the L4-L5 level and showed no definitive degenerated disc in adjacent segments

on preoperative MRI and plain radiographs were evaluated at more than 5 years after surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I was isthmic spondylolisthesis patients and group II was degenerative spondylolisthesis patients. The radiologic ASD was diagnosed by plain radiographs and MRI. Clinical ASD is defined as symptomatic spinal stenosis, intractable back pain, and subsequent sagittal or coronal imbalance with accompanying radiographic changes. Symptomatic spinal stenosis was defined as stenosis diagnosed by MRI and combined with neurologic claudication.

Results. The prevalence of radiologic ASD on group I and group II was 72.7% and 84.0%, respectively. About 7 (15.9%) patients showed clinical ASD in group I and 6 (24.0%) patients showed clinical ASD in group II. MRI showed significant reliability for diagnosis of clinical ASD. Compared with patients with asymptomatic ASD, patients with clinical ASD showed significantly less postoperative lordotic angle at the L4-L5 level (i.e., less than 20) in both groups.

Conclusion.

5% of the urologists and biomarkers by 16.3%. Preoperative models were used by 20.9%, postoperative models by 38.4%,

and metastatic models by 38.4%. The Raj and Motzer models were the most used in preoperative and metastatic settings, while no predominance among the different postoperative models was seen. The most important reasons to skip the use of models were “”lack of additional value” and “”lack of familiarity” reported by 30.2% and 27.9% of the responders, respectively.

Conclusions: The TNM is the mainstay for assessing prognosis in RCC. Our data indicate that penetration of prognostic systems is, at most, moderate, suggesting limited use outside original developmental settings. On the contrary, clinical, laboratory, and pathologic factors are used by almost all urologists find more for prognosis estimations. The most important reason not to use models is the lack of additional value.”
“Methylphenidate (MPH) is a commonly abused psychostimulant prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. MPH has a mechanism of action similar to cocaine (COC) and is commonly TPX-0005 in vitro characterized as a dopamine transporter (DAT) blocker. While there has been extensive work aimed at understanding dopamine (DA) nerve terminal changes following COC

self-administration, very little is known about the effects of MPH self-administration on the DA system. We used fast scan cyclic voltammetry MAPK 抑制剂 in nucleus accumbens core slices from animals with a 5-day self-administration history of 40 injections/day of either MPH (0.56mg/kg) or COC (1.5mg/kg) to explore alterations in baseline DA release and uptake kinetics as well as alterations in the interaction of each

compound with the DAT. Although MPH and COC have similar behavioral effects, the consequences of self-administration on DA system parameters were found to be divergent. We show that COC self-administration reduced DAT levels and maximal rates of DA uptake, as well as reducing electrically stimulated release, suggesting decreased DA terminal function. In contrast, MPH self-administration increased DAT levels, DA uptake rates and DA release, suggesting enhanced terminal function, which was supported by findings of increased metabolite/DA tissue content ratios. Tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA, protein and phosphorylation levels were also assessed in both groups. Additionally, COC self-administration reduced COC-induced DAT inhibition, while MPH self-administration increased MPH-induced DAT inhibition, suggesting opposite pharmacodynamic effects of these two drugs. These findings suggest that the factors governing DA system adaptations are more complicated than simple DA uptake blockade.”
“Aim: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a commonly encountered complaint among women. It may affect women’s quality of life and reduce their occupational productivity.

ConclusionPatients

may undergo preoperative type and screen or crossmatch for procedures rarely associated with transfusion. Historic transfusion probability may be used to predict need for transfusion for specific surgical procedures and reduce unnecessary perioperative testing and associated costs.”
“Subpubic cartilaginous cysts were initially described in 1996 with few reports to date.

We describe a 62-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer who presented with a painful, fixed, vulvar mass. MRI revealed an 18 A-1210477 ic50 x 10 x 12 mm(3) mass extending from the anterior portion of the symphysis pubis without bony involvement. Excision was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of fibrocartilage with extensive degenerative changes, compatible with a subpubic cartilaginous cyst. Over 24 months later, there has been no recurrence.

Subpubic cartilaginous cyst is a rare, benign lesion occurring on the vulva and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a painful, superior vulvar mass.”
“Acrylamide in foods is mainly produced by Maillard reaction. Taurine can participate in the reaction, which has led us to investigate the possibility

of reducing acrylamide formation by use of taurine. In an aqueous system, the lower the pH of the solution the greater the inhibition of acrylamide formation within a pH range of 5.0-8.0 was found, and the inhibition of ABT-737 cell line acrylamide formation by taurine was dose-dependent. In a fried potato chip model, prior to frying at 170 degrees C for 3 min, the BEZ235 cost potato slices soaked in 0.1% to 2% taurine solution for 30 min showed significant reductions of acrylamide formation; however, these reductions were not dose-dependent. Also, the soaking treatments for 15-60 min significantly reduced acrylamide formation, but the inhibitory effects were not time-dependent. Thus, taurine, when used in a narrow range of reasonably low levels, is a candidate to inhibit acrylamide formation during frying process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Occult hepatitis B virus (O-HBV) infection is characterized by the presence of HBV DNA without detectable hepatitis B surface

antigen (HBV DNA+/HBsAg-) in the serum. Although O-HBV is more prevalent during HBV/HIV co-infection, analysis of HBV mutations in co-infected patients is limited. In this preliminary study, HBV PreSurface (PreS) and surface (S) regions were amplified from 33 HIV-positive patient serum samples – 27 chronic HBV (C-HBV) and six O-HBV infections. HBV genotype was determined by phylogenetic analysis, while quasispecies diversity was quantified for the PreS, S and overlapping polymerase regions. C-HBV infections harboured genotypes A, D and G, compared to A, E, G and one mixed A/G infection for O-HBV. Interestingly, nonsynonymous-synonymous mutation values indicated positive immune selection in three regions for O-HBV vs one for C-HBV.

Results. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ml323.html The response rate was 74.8% (N = 486). One-quarter of respondents with prostate cancer indicated high QoL scores. Higher QoL scores were given for prostate cancer patients with lower education level [OR = 3.092, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.007-9.491, p = 0.049], having lower monthly expenses for treatment (OR = 3.653, CI 1.318-10.128, p = 0.013), disease stage II (by patient conveyance) (OR = 10.053, CI 1.015-99.534, p = 0.048), disease stage I (by medical record) (OR = 2.19E + 08, CI 218514200.17-218514200.17, p < 0.001) and in

those with undisclosed disease stage (OR = 9.220, CI 1.251-67.965, p = 0.029). Conclusions. Significant predictors for higher QoL scores were education level, own monthly expenses for treatment and disease stage. Patients with undisclosed disease stage more often had higher QoL scores.”
“Study Design. The effectiveness and efficacy of Iyengar yoga for chronic low back pain (CLBP) were assessed with intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. Ninety subjects were randomized to a yoga (n = 43) or control group (n = 47) receiving standard medical care. Participants were followed 6 months after completion of the intervention.

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate Iyengar yoga therapy on chronic

low back pain. Yoga subjects were hypothesized to report greater reductions Linsitinib ic50 in functional disability, pain intensity, depression, and pain medication usage than controls.

Summary of Background Data. CLBP is a musculoskeletal disorder with public health and

economic impact. Pilot studies of yoga and back pain have reported significant changes in clinically important outcomes.

Methods. Subjects were recruited through self-referral and health professional referrals according to explicit inclusion/exclusion criteria. Yoga subjects participated in 24 weeks of biweekly yoga classes designed for CLBP. Outcomes were assessed at 12 (midway), 24 (immediately after), and 48 weeks (6-month follow-up) after the start of the intervention using eFT508 cell line the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, a Visual Analog Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a pain medication-usage questionnaire.

Results. Using intention-to-treat analysis with repeated measures ANOVA (group x time), significantly greater reductions in functional disability and pain intensity were observed in the yoga group when compared to the control group at 24 weeks. A significantly greater proportion of yoga subjects also reported clinical improvements at both 12 and 24 weeks. In addition, depression was significantly lower in yoga subjects. Furthermore, while a reduction in pain medication occurred, this was comparable in both groups. When results were analyzed using per-protocol analysis, improvements were observed for all outcomes in the yoga group, including a greater trend for reduced pain medication usage.

Of eight unisex infections, seven were all-female (range 1-11 worms), while only one dog had a single male worm. Similarly, in mixed-sex infection at worm intensities <20 worms, dogs were more likely to have more female worms than male worms. Our results suggest that sex disequilibrium exists in D. immitis at lower worm intensities, but disappears with higher worm intensities. Reasons for this disequilibrium are unknown, but presumably confer a species survival advantage. (C) 2012 Elsevier

Ltd. All Natural Product Library order rights reserved.”
“Study Design. Analysis of spine-related websites available to the general public.

Objective. To assess the readability of spine-related patient educational materials available on professional society and individual surgeon or practice based websites.

Summary of Background Data. The Internet has become a valuable source of learn more patient education material. A significant percentage of patients, however, find this Internet based information confusing. Healthcare experts recommend that the readability of patient education material be less than the sixth grade level. The Flesch-Kincaid grade level is the most widely used method to evaluate the readability score of textual material, with lower scores suggesting easier

readability.

Methods. We conducted an Internet search of all patient education documents on the North American Spine Society (NASS), American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), and a sample of 10 individual surgeon or practice based websites. The Flesch-Kincaid grade level of each article was calculated using widely available Microsoft Office Word software. The mean grade level of articles on the various professional society and individual/practice based websites were compared.

Results. A total

of 121 articles from the various websites were available and analyzed. All 4 categories of websites Cediranib solubility dmso had mean Flesch-Kincaid grade levels greater than 10. Only 3 articles (2.5%) were found to be at or below the sixth grade level, the recommended readability level for adult patients in the United States. There were no significant differences among the mean Flesch-Kincaid grade levels from the AAOS, NASS, AANS, and practice-based web-sites (P = 0.065, ANOVA).

Conclusion. Our findings suggest that most of the Spine-related patient education materials on professional society and practice-based websites have readability scores that may be too high, making comprehension difficult for a substantial portion of the United States adult population.”
“Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biopsies are reliable, safe and effective techniques in obtaining samples for cytological or histological examinations either as a primary procedure or in cases where other biopsy techniques have failed.

2 years (43-73 years). Anterior decompression was done only for one or two vertebrae.

One corpectomy was done in 13 cases, two corpectomies in 3 cases, and one corpectomy and one discectomy in 13 cases. Three levels were fused in 16 cases and two levels in 13 cases. No permanent neurological deterioration was observed. Neurological improvement was observed in every patients with an average improvement rate of 64 +/- A 23%. Mesh migration was

observed in one case. A fusion rate of 100% was achieved.

Anterior surgery using our technique may be a relatively SR-2156 simple and safe procedure in selective patients with massive ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of cervical spine.”
“Background: High-grade serous ovarian cancers are a distinct histological subtype of ovarian cancer often characterised by a dysfunctional BRCA/Fanconi anaemia (BRCA/FA) pathway, which is critical to the homologous recombination DNA repair machinery. An impaired BRCA/FA pathway sensitises tumours to the treatment Citarinostat with DNA cross-linking agents and to PARP inhibitors. The vast majority of inactivating mutations in the BRCA/FA pathway are in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and occur predominantly in high-grade serous cancer. Another member of the BRCA/FA pathway, PALB2 (FANCN), was reported to have been inactivated by DNA methylation in some sporadic ovarian cancers. We therefore sought to investigate the role of PALB2 methylation in high-grade serous

ovarian cancers.

Finding: PALB2 methylation was investigated in 92 high-grade serous ovarian cancer samples using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis. DNA methylation of PALB2 was not detected in any of the ovarian cancer samples investigated.

Conclusion: Epigenetic silencing by DNA methylation of PALB2 is not a common event in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.”
“The sequelae from forgotten stents carry significant morbidity and costs. In this study, we attempt to identify potential risk factors that may make patients less likely to follow

up for stent removal so that more effective prevention efforts may be directed at these persons. A single-institution retrospective analysis of 187 consecutive patients who had stents placed between January 2010 and December 2010 was performed. Chart review was conducted to see if patients had undergone stent removal beyond the intended maximal stent Selleck A 1155463 life (MSL). Patients who were lost to follow-up were contacted to determine if stents were overdue. Logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors. Of the 187 patients who had stents placed, 147 had the stent removed before MSL and 28 had stents removed after the MSL. Twelve patients could not be contacted and were excluded from the analysis. Within our cohort of 175 patients, 48% were males, 73% were minorities (33% Latino, 30% Black, 8% Asian, and 2% Native American), 39% did not speak English, 79% were unemployed, 73% were uninsured, and 35% were married.

The purpose of this study was to investigate

the influence of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on nicotine-induced DMH1 concentration contraction (arachidonic acid metabolites) in the basilar arteries of rats. Methods: Rats were killed at 1 hour and 1 week after blood injection, and the basilar artery was isolated and cut into a spiral strip. Results: Testing of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors revealed no significant differences in their effects on normal and SAH (1 hour and 1 week). Phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor (1-(6-((17beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5,-di-one [U-73122]) slightly inhibited contraction of SAH (1 hour and 1 week) when compared to controls. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor (manoalide) and cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) inhibitor (arachidonyltrifluoromenthylketone [AACOCF3]) more strongly attenuated contraction in SAH (1 hour and 1 week) than in controls. Secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) inhibitor (indoxam), PLC inhibitor (2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl N, N-diphenylcarbamate [NCDC]), and COX-2 inhibitors (nimesulide, (5-methanesulfonamido-6-(2,4-difluorothiophenyl)-1-indanone)

[L-745337], and celecoxib) only slightly inhibited contraction of SAH (1 week) when compared to normal and SAH (1 hour). The calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) showed greater inhibition of contraction in SAH (1 hour) https://www.sellecn.cn/products/Staurosporine.html when compared to IPI-549 cost normal and SAH (1 week). Conclusions: One week after exposure to SAH, PLC, sPLA2, and COX-2 activity were enhanced and cPLA2 activity was inhibited. One hour after exposure to SAH, PLC activity was enhanced and cPLA2 and iPLA2 activity was inhibited. Such changes of inflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites by smoking after SAH may play important roles in fatal cerebral circulatory disorders, suggesting important implications for the etiology and pathogenesis of SAH.”
“BACKGROUND: Foot drop has been described as

an infrequent complication from common peroneal nerve injury related to external compression and forceful knee flexion while pushing during vaginal delivery. Past recommendations include placing the hands at the posterior thighs rather than the legs to avoid this complication.

CASE: A 32-year-old woman developed unilateral foot drop after vaginal delivery. Electromyography was diagnostic for an acute compression neuropathy of the common peroneal nerve above the knee.

CONCLUSION: The patient’s likely mechanism of injury occurred during delivery from external compression by the patient’s dominant hand to the distal posterior thigh while under epidural anesthesia. Labor and delivery teams should be aware that nerve injury is also possible at the distal thigh with excessive external pressure. (Obstet Gynecol 2011;118:421-3) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.

Methods: Venous blood was drawn from P. vivax positive patients in Jalalabad, Afghanistan and tested against a panel of six RDTs. The panel comprised two of each test type; one group was stored at room temperature and the other in an ECB. RDT results were evaluated against a consensus gold standard based on two double-read reference slides and PCR. The sensitivity, specificity and a measure of global performance for each test were determined and stratified by parasitaemia level and storage condition.

Results: In total, 306 patients were recruited, of which 284 were positive for P. vivax, one for Plasmodium malariae and none for Plasmodium falciparum; 21 were negative.

GSK2126458 nmr All three RDTs were specific for malaria. The sensitivity and global performance index for each test were as follows: CSPfPan [98.6%, 95.1%], CSPfPv [91.9%, 90.5%] and SDBPfPv [96.5%, 82.9%], respectively. CSPfPv was 16% less sensitive to a parasitaemia below 5,000/mu L. Room temperature storage of SDBPfPv led to a high proportion of invalid results (17%), which reduced to 10% in the ECB. Throughout the testing period, the ECB maintained similar to 8 degrees click here C reduction over ambient temperatures and never exceeded 30 degrees C.

Conclusions: Of the three RDTs, the CSPfPan test was the most consistent and reliable, rendering it appropriate for this P.

vivax predominant region. The CSPfPv test proved unsuitable owing to its reduced sensitivity at a parasitaemia below 5,000/mu L (affecting 43% of study samples). Although the SDBPfPv device was more sensitive than the CSPfPv test, its invalid rate was unacceptably high. ECB storage reduced the proportion of invalid results for the SDBPfPv test, but surprisingly had no impact on RDT sensitivity at low parasitaemia.”
“Objectives. Intraoral piercing as a body art has been

gaining popularity amongst adolescents and young adults; however there is limited data on the awareness to complications associated with it. This study investigated the awareness of complications of oral buy Foretinib piercing among a group of adolescents and young South African adults with intraoral piercings.

Study design. A total of 250 patients with intraoral piercing were asked to complete a questionnaire on the awareness of complications of oral piercing and were then examined by two calibrated dentists to determine oral complications caused by the pierced ornament.

Results. Data revealed that 59.4% of the respondents were not aware of any complications in oral piercing. 24% of the respondents had intraoral piercing in the last 12 months, with a combined total of 17.2% having the procedure performed 5 to 7 years before.

Conclusions. The general lack of awareness of complications related to oral piercing needs to be addressed by the dental community.

Routine blood work on the infant revealed an unexpected red cell antibody. A direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and antibody screen were both noted to be positive.

Past Medical History: The mother received routine prenatal care throughout her pregnancy. She has a past medical history of chronic hypertension,

an anti-E antibody, a pan-reactive autoantibody to red cell antigens, and mild intermittent asthma. The anti-E was discovered upon prenatal screening in the mother, but was not identified in subsequent auto-absorbed specimens. No previous transfusions were documented.

Social History: Non-contributory.

Family History: Non-contributory. Physical Exam: The neonate’s APGAR scores were 8 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. An exam showed Apoptosis Compound Library manufacturer the neonate to be in no acute distress and with essentially normal physical findings.

Principal Laboratory Findings: See Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.”
“Purpose of review

To point new insights in the cholestasis that is a complication of both intestinal failure and parenteral nutrition. View on liver disease has recently evolved with the onset of fish oil-based intravenous lipid emulsions

(ILE).

Recent findings

Focused on the role of ILE in causing liver disease. Reversal of cholestasis was recently achieved in infants with short bowel syndrome, by replacing the ‘reference’ PHA-739358 chemical structure soybean oil-based ILE by fish oil-based ILE.

Summary

It is likely that this reversal involves several factors such as the change in n-6: n-3 ratio, the reduction in phytosterol load, the increased provision of alpha-tocopherol as antioxidant agent. Alternative issue might be based on the use of a new generation of ILE aiming to provide n-3 and to reduce n-6 fatty acids load while enhancing alpha-tocopherol intake. New data are based on the use of an ILE containing a balanced proportion of four types of oil as a physical mixture of 30% soybean oil, 30% medium-chain triglycerides, 25% olive oil and 15% fish oil with amounts of GSK1210151A alpha-tocopherol calculated according to the number

of double bonds. This new emulsion was reported to be beneficial in reversing or preventing liver disease.”
“Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-recognized life-threatening complication in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, no data have been reported regarding the prevalence and methods of prevention of VTE in Japanese ICUs. This study aimed to document the current practice of VTE prevention across a broad sample of medical-surgical ICU patients in Japan. In November 2010, we performed a point-prevalence survey of Japanese ICUs in training facilities for intensive care specialists. We recorded data from five consecutive ICU patients in each facility at any time on the day of the survey. A total of 470 patients were registered in this study. VTE prophylaxis was received by 85.3 % of participants. Of these, 69.8 % received mechanical prophylaxis and 12.5 % received pharmacological methods, with 17.