Film thickness (t(f)) ranged from 30 to 400 nm. We have done the following experiments on those films: saturation magnetostriction (lambda(S)), high-temperature magnetic hysteresis, x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy, Auger-depth profile analysis, and plane-view and/or cross-section transmission electron

microscopy. Our main finding is that if x increases from 0 to 19 atom % Co, lambda(S) increases from 56 to 152 ppm, and if x continues to increase from 19 to 23 atom % Co, lambda(S) decreases. These results indicate that the addition of Co in the Fe81Ga19 alloy is advantageous in enhancing lambda(S), if x is the correct value. From XRD, the Fe62Co19Ga19/Si(100) film comprises selleck products the A2 and B2 phases. The mechanism for large enhancement of lambda(S) in Fe62Co19Ga19/Si(100)

is related to an intrinsic origin. The tf dependence of lambda(S) for the Fe62Co19Ga19 films is that: [1] in the range of 110 <= t(f) <= 400 nm, lambda(S) Selleckchem CX-5461 increases as t(f) decreases; [2] in the range of 30 <= t(f) <= 110 nm, lambda(S) decreases as t(f) continues to decrease. The lambda(S) behavior in the regions [1] and [2] is explained based on the modified Neel model. Other physical properties of the Fe62Co19Ga19 films include the following: saturation magnetization 4 pi MS = 1.8 – 2.0 T, coercivity H-C = 35 – 64 Oe, Curie temperature T-C = 597 degrees C, planar (mean) grain size D-P = 29.6 nm, and columnar grain size D-L approximate to t(f). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3553768]“
“Transcriptome analyses of organ transplants have until now Taselisib in vitro usually focused on whole tissue samples containing activation profiles from different cell populations. Here, we enriched endothelial cells from rat cardiac allografts and isografts, establishing

their activation profile at baseline and on days 2, 3 and 4 after transplantation. Modulated transcripts were assigned to three categories based on their regulation profile in allografts and isografts. Categories A and B contained the majority of transcripts and showed similar regulation in both graft types, appearing to represent responses to surgical trauma. By contrast, category C contained transcripts that were partly allograft-specific and to a large extent associated with interferon-gamma-responsiveness. Several transcripts were verified by immunohistochemical analysis of graft lesions, among them the matricellular protein periostin, which was one of the most highly upregulated transcripts but has not been associated with transplantation previously. In conclusion, the majority of the differentially expressed genes in graft endothelial cells are affected by the transplantation procedure whereas relatively few are associated with allograft rejection.