Moreover, the electron beam was observed to influence

the CO. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3072472]“
“Composite magnets were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) consolidation of a mixture of ball-milled powders prepared from nonstoichiometric Nd15Fe79B6 and Nd16Fe78B6 nanocrystalline melt-spun ribbons, and, respectively, Fe77.5Si7.5B15 and Co68.25Fe4.5Si12.25B15 amorphous wires of 100-125 mu m in diameter prepared by in-rotating water click here quenching method. The powders have been mixed in different weight ratios and the consolidation was done at pressures of 50 and 70 MPa, respectively. The addition of FeSiB and CoFeSiB soft magnetic powders increases the remanent magnetization of the SPS magnets from 4.8-5 to 6.2-6.5 kG, while the estimated maximum energy product is also increased

from 24-25 to 27-29 MGOe. The Nd-rich melt-spun ribbons exhibit very large intrinsic coercive fields of over 20 kOe, whereas for the SPS magnets H-i(c) decreases slightly. The profile of the demagnetizing curves is smoother for SPS nanocomposite magnets compared with ball-milled powders, being an indication of a cooperative process in which both exchange coupling between grains and magnetostatic interactions between the powders of hard buy SIS3 and soft magnetic materials are present. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3073932]“
“The formation of the ordered L1(0) structure from the A1 phase in nanocrystalline Fe(100-x)Pd(x) (x = 50-60) and Co(100-x)Pt(x) (x=45-55) alloys is followed

by in situ neutron powder diffraction. The A1 -> L1(0) transformation starts at about 620 and 730 K in Fe(50)Pd(50) and Co(50)Pt(50), respectively, and proceeds selleck inhibitor faster in the Fe-Pd alloys. In both Fe-Pd and Co-Pt, a deviation from the equiatomic composition leads to the deceleration of the ordering process. The magnetic moment of iron in the L1(0) FePd phase decreases with increasing Fe concentration from 3.3 mu(B) in Fe(40)Pd(60) to 3.0 mu(B) in Fe(50)Pd(50). In the Co-Pt alloys, the Co magnetic moment is found to be independent of the composition and degree of chemical order and is equal to 1.9 mu(B). (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3058617]“
“In this paper, we report a synthesis of magnetic porous hollow silica nanotubes (MPHSNTs) using sol-gel method. The MPHSNTs were fabricated by coating Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles and silica on surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified CaCO(3) nanoneedles surface under alkaline condition. CaCO(3) nanoneedles and surfactant CTAB are introduced as nanotemplates to form the hollow and porous structures, respectively. After removing CTAB by calcination and etching CaCO(3) nanoneedles away in diluted acetic acid, magnetic porous hollow silica nanotubes with Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles embedded in the silica shell were achieved.

32.8% of normal cytology and 42.0% of inflammation cases showed positive acetowhite staining. 3.1%, 38.1% and 42.5% of subjects were positive for an abnormal Pap test, VIA test, and HPV DNA, respectively. VIA demonstrated 50% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity for abnormal histology

with PPV and NPV values of 50% and 66.7%, respectively, whereas HPV DNA test showed 100% sensitivity. HPV16 was the most common (54.4%) and HR-HPV was detected Rigosertib price in 36.3% of all cases. 48.5% of HR-HPV positive and 36.8% of HR-HPV negative cervices stained with acetowhite following the VIA test.

Conclusion:

The VIA test is a simple method for cervical cancer screening; however, a significant proportion of patients with normal or inflammatory cytology were positive by this test. Further, HR-HPV in women without acetowhite staining was demonstrated. Therefore, some form of HR-HPV detection test may be required for combination with cervical cell screening even in low-resource nations.”
“Each year, the American Cancer Lazertinib Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence,

mortality, and survival. Incidence data were collected by the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data were collected by the National Center selleck kinase inhibitor for Health Statistics. A total of 1,665,540 new cancer cases and 585,720 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States in 2014. During the most recent 5 years for which there are data (2006-2010), delay-adjusted cancer incidence rates declined slightly in men (by 0.6% per year)

and were stable in women, while cancer death rates decreased by 1.8% per year in men and by 1.4% per year in women. The combined cancer death rate (deaths per 100,000 population) has been continuously declining for 2 decades, from a peak of 215.1 in 1991 to 171.8 in 2010. This 20% decline translates to the avoidance of approximately 1,340,400 cancer deaths (952,700 among men and 387,700 among women) during this time period. The magnitude of the decline in cancer death rates from 1991 to 2010 varies substantially by age, race, and sex, ranging from no decline among white women aged 80 years and older to a 55% decline among black men aged 40 years to 49 years. Notably, black men experienced the largest drop within every 10-year age group. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:9-29. ((c)) 2014 American Cancer Society, Inc.”
“Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy, affecting approximately 3 to 6 percent of adults in the general population. Although the cause is not usually determined, it can include trauma, repetitive maneuvers, certain diseases, and pregnancy.

Recent improvements in both surgical techniques Salubrinal manufacturer and adjuvant and neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy approaches have increased the survival of patients with loco-regional disease. However most patients with GC have advanced disease either at diagnosis or at follow up. Despite recent advances in the treatment of advanced disease, these patients still have poor outcomes. An emerging understanding of the molecular pathways that characterize cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis and invasion has provided novel targets in cancer therapy. In this review we describe the current status

of targeted therapies in the treatment of GC. These therapeutic strategies include epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, cell cycle inhibitors, apoptosis, promoters and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.”
“We report a case of globe rupture associated with the use of post cataract-surgery protective eyewear. The patient had routine cataract surgery

3 months before presentation and had adapted LY2606368 his post cataract-surgery glasses to use on the tennis court. He experienced a large posterior globe rupture after falling directly onto his face during a match. Spectacle torsion is the suspected bio-mechanical process that led to the rupture. We conclude that although the glasses given to many patients after cataract surgery are protective for most low-impact injuries, patients should be aware they are not designed for activities with GDC-0068 order a risk for significant impact. Patients

should also be counseled to use protective eyewear specifically designed and approved for the sport or activity in which they participate.”
“We investigated properties of a differential read-head focusing on resolution, output signal, and bit error rate (BER) through experiments and calculations. We successfully observed particular waveforms of the differential head. The fabricated differential heads showed much higher resolution and better BER than conventional heads. Through measurements and calculations, we clarified that as gap-length (GL) between two spin-valves decreases, the resolution for the differential head increases, but the output signal decreases. Accordingly, the differential head has optimal GL to achieve the best BER. The optimal GL is almost the same as the shortest bit length. We also clarified that a calculated differential head with optimized GL has better BER than a conventional head with a shield-gap length of 20 nm, especially at higher linear density. Therefore, the differential head is one of the candidates for reader structures for high-areal-density hard disk drives. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.

“
“Polypropylene fumarate (PPF) as unsaturated linear polyester crosslinked with three different monomers namely N-vinyl pyrroliclone (NVP), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and a mixture of NVP/MMA (1 : 1 weight ratio) FRAX597 solubility dmso were prepared. The chemical structure of the PPF was characterized by means of (1)H-NMR, FTIR, as well as GPC. The mixture of PPF resin with the crosslinking monomers filled with

(60, 65, and 70 wt %) of gypsum were also prepared as bone cement composites. The dielectric measurements carried out on these prepared samples at frequency range from 100 Hz-100 kHz indicate that the permittivity epsilon’ and dielectric loss epsilon ” follow the order NVP > NVP/MMA > MMA. Both parameters were found to decrease by increasing the percentage of gypsum. According to Frohlich and Havriliak Nagami functions, the relaxation times obtained could be attributed, respectively, to Maxwell-Wagner effect and to the relaxation process related to carboxyl, hydroxyl, and ester functions associated with main chain. The latter relaxation time was found to increase by increasing

gypsum content, whereas the electrical conductivity was found to decrease. The mechanical data of the investigated samples containing 60 wt % gypsum is characterized by the best properties and the behavior of the composites follows the order found in the case of dielectric properties (NVP > NVP/MMA > MMA). Formation of carbonate apatite of composite samples loaded with 60 wt % gypsum after immersing the samples for 4 weeks in simulated body fluid (SBF) this website was confirmed by the dielectric measurements and FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, the weight loss

PF-02341066 purchase and the mechanical properties for such systems were also studied. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 876-885, 2010″
“We describe a rare case of an optic pit located over the nasal portion of the disc that was independent of a coexisting optic nerve cyst. A healthy 35-year-old patient was referred to our clinic seeking alternative treatment options because his previous ophthalmologist had suggested evisceration and orbital surgery for a suspected orbital malignancy. Our examinations revealed a gray lesion located within the right disc cup that was associated with a round lesion at the retrobulbar optic nerve. Based on optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, we believe that our patient exhibited an optic disc pit coexisting with a congenital optic nerve cyst. Because the patient had very good central vision and the lesions were benign, we recommended continued observation for this patient.”
“Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an endogenous counterregulator of the renin-angiotensin system that has been recently identified in circulating form.

8%) violated the medial cortex and 22 screws (17.6%) violated the anterior cortex of the vertebral body. No screws violated the lateral cortex of the pedicle-rib unit. There were no complications

associated with screw misplacement.

Conclusion. In scoliosis patients with extremely small thoracic pedicles, our pedicle screw placement method targeting the presumed medial margin in a true PA C-arm image allows easy application with accuracy and safety, which would not possible by any other method described so far.”
“In this study, Psyllium and acrylic acid based polymeric networks were synthesized under different reaction conditions Selleck AG-881 such as in-air, in-vacuum, and under the influence of gamma-radiations using potassium persulphate (KPS)-hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) as an initiator-crosslinker system. Initially, optimization of varied reaction parameters was performed under all the different reaction conditions. The synthesized networks

were then characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, TGA/DTA, and XRD techniques. It has been found that the percent grafting varies with varying reaction conditions with maximum grafting (138 +/- 1.15%) reported in case of synthesis carried-out in-vacuum followed by the synthesis in-air (125 +/- 1.00%) and then in case of synthesis under the influence of gamma-radiations (124 6 1.15%). (C) 2011 Dinaciclib cell line Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 1874-1883, 2012″
“Diacylglycerol

acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyse the final step of the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis of the Kennedy pathway. Two major gene families have been shown to encode DGATs, DGAT1 (type-1) and DGAT2 (type-2). Both genes encode membrane-bound proteins, with no sequence homology to each other. In this study, the molecular cloning and characterization of a type-2 DGAT cDNA from olive is presented. Southern blot analysis showed that OeDGAT2 is represented by a single copy in the olive genome. Comparative transcriptional analysis revealed that DGAT1 and DGAT2 are developmentally regulated and share an overall overlapping but distinct transcription pattern in various tissues during vegetative growth. DGAT2 is highly expressed in mature or senescing olive tissues. In flowers, the expression of DGAT1 was almost undetectable, while Geneticin inhibitor DGAT2 transcripts accumulated at the later stages of both anther and ovary development. Differential gene regulation was also detected in the seed and mesocarp, two drupe compartments that largely differ in their functional roles and mode of lipid accumulation. DGAT1 appears to contribute for most of the TAG deposition in seeds, whereas, in the mesocarp, both DGAT1 and DGAT2 share an overlapping expression pattern. During the last stages of mesocarp growth, when TAGs are still accumulating, strong up-regulation of DGAT2 but a marked decline of DGAT1 transcript levels were detected.

In this regard, contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans give useful information for planning operative strategy.”
“Purpose: The aim of this research work was to formulate, characterize and evaluate the in vitro permeation behavior of tramadol lotion containing propylene glycol (PG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as

permeation enhancers.

Methods: The permeation experiments were conducted in vitro using full thickness rabbit skin in Franz diffusion cells. The donor compartment was filled with PBS (phosphate buffered saline) at pH 7.4 +/- 0.1. The receptor phase was continuously learn more stirred PBS (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C +/- 0.5. The amount of tramadol permeated into the receptor phase was determined spectrophotometrically at 271 nm. Various permeation parameters such as permeation coefficient (Kp), diffusion coefficient (D), flux (J), input rate, and enhancement ratio were obtained using

Fick’s diffusion laws.

Results: Permeation increased with increase in the concentrations of both enhancers tested. Maximum cumulative amount permeated for control lotion (L-c) was 357 mu g/cm(2)/min with input rate 0.574 mu g/min and lag time (t(lag)) of 34.93 min, while for the optimum test lotion (L-4, containing 8 % PG/PEG in ratio of 1:1 v/v), it was 926 mu g/cm(2)/min, 1.482 mu g/min and 58.36 min, respectively. The significantly (p < 0.05) higher permeability shown by the test lotion L-4 can be attributed, selleck chemicals llc in part, to the interaction of PG with intercellular lipids leading to the disruption of their organization and increasing Selleckchem PF-562271 their fluidity, and also partly as a result of solubilization

of lipid bilayers by PEG.

Conclusion: A binary system of PG and PEG in lotion can be successfully utilized for the permeation enhancement of tramadol.”
“Objective: To determine the value of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test in clinical evaluation of air-bone gaps.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Patients: A total of 120 patients underwent VEMP testing during clinical investigation of significant air-bone gaps in their audiograms.

Intervention(s): Otologic examination and surgeries, high-resolution computerized tomography (CT), air and bone audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex, and VEMP test.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Imaging studies demonstrating structural anomalies in the temporal bone. Audiologic outcomes of air-bone gaps and VEMP thresholds. Surgical findings confirming imaging results.

Results: Middle ear pathologies, such as otosclerosis and chronic otitis media, were identified in 50 patients, and all of them had absent VEMP responses elicited by air-conduction stimuli. Moreover, 13 of them had successful middle ear surgeries with closures of the air-bone gaps.

Conclusions: The count of tumor-associated macrophages infiltrating the cancer area is useful for predicting C59 cell line the response of bladder carcinoma in situ to intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation before treatment initiation. Although on univariate analysis TAMs are associated with other poor prognosticators, on multivariate analysis, TAMs appear only to be associated with MI and VI. TAMs may play a significant role in the biology of tumor

progression of endometrial adenocarcinoma, but do not appear to be independent prognostic indicators of patient’s survival.”
“To find a potential biocontrol agent against Fusarium sp. in apple seedlings, an endophytic bacterium strain was isolated from apple tree tissues. The inhibitive efficiency of the isolated strain against the hyphal growth of Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia solani was tested. Strain Y-1 showed significant inhibitory effects against Fusarium

oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. solani and R. solani. Its antifungal activity against F. oxysporum was the highest, reaching up to 64.90 %. In vivo tests indicated that strain Y-1 effectively protects apple from F. oxysporum infections. The control effect reached 92.26 % when bacterial inoculation was performed 3 days prior to pathogen inoculation. Strain Y-1 could colonize the rhizosphere and tissues within 30 days. It was also able to induce systemic resistance in apple seedlings as shown by the activities FK506 mw of SOD and POD. Strain Y-1 significantly increased the root length, root wet and dry weights, and plant height of the apple seedlings compared with the control group. The homology analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence, together with morphological, physical, and biochemical analyses, revealed that strain Y-1 is Bacillus subtilis.”
“Background: Sensory stimuli are conducted by several cutaneous sensory nerves and tactile corpuscles. The latter are specialized sensory organs that represent the starting point of many afferent sensory pathways. To date, our knowledge about the distribution of the sensory innervation in the umbilical skin of females

is incomplete.

Aim of the study: To elucidate the morphology of the cutaneous Dihydrotestosterone manufacturer innervation of the normal female umbilical skin.

Materials and methods: Biopsies of normal umbilical skin were obtained from female patients undergoing umbilical hernial repair. The specimens were processed for both immunohistological (antibodies against PGP9.5, pan-neuronal marker, and S-100 protein, marker of Schwann cells) and ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) examinations.

Results: The authors found abundant genital end-bulb-like structures, numerous epidermal and dermal Merkel cells, Meissner and Ruffini corpuscles, intraepidermal nerve terminals, and multiple free nerve endings surrounding the ducts and acini of the sweat glands.

Conclusions: The umbilical skin of females has abundant sensory innervation similar to that of the glans penis.

By univariate regression Duvelisib order analysis, fibrosis, necroinflammatory activity, and the degree of steatosis were correlated with liver stiffness. However, in a multiple regression analysis, steatosis and fibrosis were the only independent variables significantly associated with liver stiffness. With a cut-off of 9.5 kPa to distinguish patients with F <= 2 from F >= 3, elastography led to a significantly higher number of misclassification errors (25% vs 5%; P = 0.014), most of which were false positives for F >= 3. Our study suggests that the correlation between liver stiffness and fibrosis as estimated by transient elastography

may be affected by the presence of hepatic steatosis in HIV/HCVcoinfected patients.”
“Ag:ZrO2 nanocomposite films have been synthesized by a sol-gel dip coating process at room temperature, followed by irradiation selleck chemicals llc using swift heavy ions. The effect of electronic energy loss and fluences on the evolution and consequently on the tailoring of plasmonic properties of films

has been studied. The optical study exhibits that color of films converts from transparent in pristine form into shiny yellow when films are irradiated by 100 MeV Ag ions at a fluence of 3 x 10(12) ions/cm(2). However, irradiation by 120 MeV O ions up to the fluence of 1 x 10(14) ions/cm(2) does not induce any coloration in films. The coloration is attributed to the evolution of plasmonic feature resulting in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) induced absorption

peak in the visible region. Increase in fluence from 3 x 10(12) to 6 x 10(13) ions/cm(2) of 100 MeV Ag ions induces a redshift in SPR induced peak position from 434 to 487 nm. Microstructural studies confirms the conversion of Ag2O3 (in pristine films) into cubic phase of metallic Ag and the increase of average size of particles with the increasing fluence up to 6 x 10(13) ions/cm(2). Further increase in fluence leads to the dissolution of Ag atoms in the ZrO2 matrix. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3555593]“
“Information on selenium bioavailability is required to derive dietary recommendations OH-FMK Caspase Inhibitor VI and to evaluate and improve the quality of food products. The need for robust data is particularly important in light of recent suggestions of potential health benefits associated with different intakes of selenium. The issue is not straightforward, however, because of large variations in the selenium content of foods (determined by a combination of geologic/environmental factors and selenium supplementation of fertilizers and animal feedstuffs) and the chemical forms of the element, which are absorbed and metabolized differently. Although most dietary selenium is absorbed efficiently, the retention of organic forms is higher than that of inorganic forms. There are also complications in the assessment and quantification of selenium species within foodstuffs.

In an analysis that included only satisfactory-quality studies, conventionally produced crops had a significantly higher content of nitrogen, and organically produced crops had a significantly higher content of phosphorus and higher titratable acidity. No

evidence of a difference was detected for the remaining 8 of 11 crop nutrient categories analyzed. Analysis of the more limited database on livestock products found no evidence of a difference in nutrient content between organically and conventionally produced livestock products.

Conclusions: On the basis of a systematic review of studies of satisfactory quality, there is no evidence of a difference in nutrient quality between organically and conventionally produced foodstuffs. The small differences in nutrient content detected are biologically plausible and mostly relate to differences Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor in production methods. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:680-5.”
“The composites of solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) filled with SiO2/carbon black (CB) were prepared by reaction blending. The mechanical and antistatic properties were studied. The morphology and dispersion of the two kinds of nano-fillers in the composites were observed. The results showed that CB

presented 30 nm spherical particles and selleck compound formed filler networks in the SSBR/CB composite. Payne effect of the SSBR/CB composite was large and the antistatic property was excellent; SiO2 powder presented 20-40 nm irregular particles and also formed filler networks in the SSBR/SiO2 composite. The internal friction of the SSBR/SiO2 OSI-906 datasheet composite was low, however, the static accumulation was obviously large; SSBR/SiO2/CB composites exhibited good filler dispersion, high mechanical properties and low internal

friction. The rolling resistance, wet-skid resistance and wear resistance are well balanced. Among these, the composite filled with SiO2/CB in 20/50 achieved the best overall performances. The surface and volume resistivity of the composites was increased with increasing amount of SiO2. For the researched formulation, the ratio of SiO2/CB in 35/35 was the percolation threshold for the antistatic property of the composites. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 338-345, 2010″
“The magnetic properties of the nanocomposite consisting of hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) nanoparticles embedded in the hollows of the periodic nanoporous silica matrix were investigated. The magnetic measurements showed on the superparamagnetic behavior of the nanoparticles. This behavior was evidenced by the irreversibility of magnetization curves measured in zero-field-cooled and field cooled regimes, by the presence of a maximum in zero-field-cooled magnetization curve related to blocking temperature T-B similar to 37 K and also by revealing of the coercivity H-C below T-B.

No significant differences in the boiling temperature (BT, near 100 degrees C) or freezing temperature (FT, near 0 degrees C) were observed between all 8 aqueous solutions examined, including deionized water DW) and tap water as controls, although DW had the lowest mean BT and highest mean FT values. The specific gravity of all the examined Tozasertib aqueous solutions, including the controls, changed in a temperature-dependently manner, showing the greatest value (near 1.000) at 4 degrees C. Analyses of inorganic components revealed that various mineral components were dissolved in aqueous solutions examined other than DW, suggesting that the

trends of the lowest BT and highest FT for the DW control were due to the absence of these solutes. These results did not demonstrate the presence of an abnormality in the hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules in the sample solutions compared to the controls. In other words, the claims by the manufacturers in their advertisements concerning the cluster sizes of H2O molecules for their water products were not confirmed by the findings of this study.”
“OBJECTIVE: The participation of humans in clinical cardiology trials remains

essential, but little is known regarding participant perceptions of such studies. We examined the factors that motivated participation in such studies, as well as those that led to participant frustration.

METHODS: Patients who had participated in hypertension and coronary arterial disease (phases II, III, and IV) clinical trials were invited to answer a questionnaire. They https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Pitavastatin-calcium(Livalo).html were divided into two groups: Group I, which included participants in placebo-controlled clinical trials after randomization, and Group II, which LOXO-101 included participants in clinical trials in which the tested treatment was compared to another drug after randomization and in which a placebo was used in the washout period.

RESULTS: Eighty patients (47 patients in Group I and 33 patients in Group II) with different socio-demographic characteristics were interviewed. Approximately 60% of the patients were

motivated to participate in the trial with the expectation of personal benefit. Nine participants (11.2%) expressed the desire to withdraw, which was due to their perception of risk during the testing in the clinical trial (Group I) and to the necessity of repeated returns to the institution (Group II). However, the patients did not withdraw due to fear of termination of hospital treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Although this study had a small patient sample, the possibility of receiving a benefit from the new tested treatment was consistently reported as a motivation to participate in the trials.”
“Objective To determine the incidence of ocular abnormalities in Miniature Horses.

Design Descriptive study.

Animals studied Fifty-three Miniature Horses.