This is the approach we use in this work. By integrating CPW TLines on top of porous Si and measuring their S-parameters, we extract porous Si

dielectric parameters by combining the experimental results with electromagnetic simulations and conformal mapping calculations. This method has been described in detail in [13, 14], and the results have been proven to be in very good agreement with full-wave EM simulations [14]. In Figure 4 the extracted dielectric permittivity of three PSi layers with 70%, 76%, and 84% porosity using the above method are depicted in full black circles. The PSi layers were fabricated on a p+-type Si wafer with resistivity 1 to 5 mΩ.cm and had a surface area of 4 cm2. check details Identical transmission lines were integrated on all three samples (see Figure 2b). The obtained results were compared with those obtained using Vegard’s, Maxwell-Garnett’s and Bruggeman’s models for PSi by applying formulas (1) to (3) given above. From Figure 4, it can be seen that the values of the extracted

permittivity using broadband electrical measurements of the specific CPW TLines are between those obtained with the Bruggeman’s and Vegard’s models for non-oxidized PSi. On the other hand, by using the Selleck Pritelivir more elaborated Vegard’s law described in [27], which takes into account the presence of a native oxide shell surrounding the Si nanostructures (in our case, we considered a native oxide thickness of 1.5 nm and a Si skeleton thickness of 10 nm), better agreement Megestrol Acetate is achieved between our experimental results and the calculated ones. Figure 4 Dielectric permittivity of porous Si as a function of porosity. Full black dots: extracted values of the dielectric permittivity ε PSi of porous Si from measurements of CPW TLines. Open squares: results using Vegard’s model for AZD6244 mouse unoxidized porous Si. Open circles: results using Maxwell-Garnett’s

model for unoxidized porous Si. Open triangles: results using Bruggeman’s model for unoxidized Si. Open rhombi: results using Vegard’s model for oxidized porous Si. Results and discussion Porous Si dielectric parameters in the frequency range 140 to 210 GHz Using broadband electrical measurements combined with simulations, the dielectric parameters of PSi in the frequency range 140 to 210 GHz were extracted. The obtained results are presented in Figure 5 in comparison with the extracted parameters for the frequency range 1 to 40 GHz. At low frequencies (1 to 40 GHz), there is an initial slight monotonic decrease of ε PSi from 3.19 to 3.12 and it then stabilizes around this value (Figure 5a). In the high-frequency range (140 to 210 GHz), ε PSi oscillates around the values of 3.1 and 3.2, within a maximum deviation of 0.1. Similarly, the value of the loss tangent is between 0.031 and 0.023 in the range 5 to 40 GHz (see Figure 5b), while it stays constant at 0.023 in the range 140 to 210 GHz, with a maximum deviation of 0.005.