mutans was found to have 60% impairment in biofilm learn more formation [27]. SGO_0237 shows increased levels in SgPg compared to Sg but SGO_0773 shows decreased levels in all mixed communities (Table 9). Given the reduction seen in PTS sugar transport and the formation of communities, a CcpA protein would be expected to be increased across all of the communities. It is unlikely that both SGO_0237 and SGO_0773 are functioning as classical CcpA regulatory proteins. The increased SGO_0237 may be the actual catabolite control protein A selleck chemical for Sg. However, the PTS transport systems do not seem to be responding

to a traditional catabolic repression and the binding proteins that play an important role in biofilm formation are down as well. As with the binding proteins, CcpA may play an early role in biofilm formation and be reduced at 18 hours when the samples were collected. It is also possible that despite the homology neither protein acts like CcpA in Sg. SGO_1816 encodes for ScaR, a manganese dependent regulator of a high affinity ABC manganese transporter, SGO_1800-1802 [28]. However, the name Sca actually refers to streptococcal coaggregation adherence because

one of the regulated transporter proteins, ScaA, SGO_1801, was originally identified as an adhesin important for aggregation with A. neaslundii[29]. ScaA was not detected in any of the samples, though that is not unusual for a membrane protein, but ScaR showed increased levels in SgFn while the other members of the operon with ScaA, SGO_1800 and SGO_1802, showed reduced levels in all the mixed communities. It seems unlikely that Sg is seeing higher levels of manganese in the mixed Luminespib communities to account for down-regulation of the ABC transporter. However, there are some indications that, like the PTS sugar transporters, RAS p21 protein activator 1 Sg has a second manganese transport system driven by the proton motive force [28]. This would once again be consistent with a low pH environment. Also, we see a significant

reduction in other adhesin proteins and the Sca operon may be down-regulated to reduce the adhesin ScaA. SGO_1072 and SGO_1073 have homology to the sensor and kinase proteins of the two-component signaling-transducing system CiaR-CiaH from S. pneumoniae[30]. In S. pneumoniae Cia has been shown to regulate a number of genes involved in the biochemical make up of the cell wall, including activation of the genes for D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid, dlt. Detection of the regulatory protein CiaR, SGO_1072, was poor and statistical significance could only be calculated for the SgFn vs Sg and SgPg vs SgFn comparisons. CiaR showed a significant increase in SgFn vs Sg and a decrease in SgPg vs SgFn implying a large increase in the presence of Fn. The sensor kinase, SGO_1073, remained statistically unchanged. Despite the high levels of CiaR in SgFn the Dtl proteins did not show any coherent change. CiaR may control a different set of genes in Sg than S.