Gel purification was done using the QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and the purified product was eluted in 30 μl of double distilled water which was used as a template for sequencing reaction Sequencing reaction and ethanol precipitation Sequencing analysis was performed on automated genetic analyser according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Big Dye Deoxy Terminators; Applied Biosystems, Weiterstadt, Germany). Concentration of 25 ng of eluted DNA was used for sequencing PCR reaction. Briefly, 10 μl reaction mixture was prepared using 0.6 μl of BigDye, 1.5 μl 5× sequencing buffer, 1.5 μl (about 25 ng) template, 1 μl 20 pM sense or anti-sense primer and 5.4 μl

of dH2O. The amplification steps in thermal cycler were: initial denaturation at 96°C for one minute followed www.selleckchem.com/products/DMXAA(ASA404).html by 35 cycles of denaturation at 96°C for 15 seconds, annealing at 50°C for 10 seconds and extension at 60°C for 4 minutes. Final extension was given at 60°C for 4 minutes. Ethanol precipitation of sequencing PCR product was buy TSA HDAC carried out by adding 2 μl 3 M sodium acetate, 2 μl 125 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 26 μl of absolute alcohol. The mixture was put at room temperature for 15-20 minutes. It was centrifuged for 30 minutes at 3800 rpm at 4°C. Thirty-six micro litres of 70% ethanol was added to dry pellet and centrifuged for 15 minutes at 3800 rpm. Finally 12 μl

of formamide was added to dried pellet and mixed well. It was followed by heat shock at 95°C for 5 minutes GABA Receptor and was loaded onto automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, find more 3100 DNA Analyzer) for sequence analysis. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis The obtained sequences were edited and BLAST search was conducted to confirm the identity of the sequences. The amino acid sequences were translated using BioEdit v7.0.5 software and also it was used to align amino acid and protein sequences. The phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted

using MEGA version 4 [30]. The phylogenetic tree was drawn by using the Neighbor-Joining method with bootstrap analysis of 1000 replicates. The sequences of different geographical regions were retrieved from GenBank and their accession numbers for sequences of serotype 2 and serotype 3 appear in Figures 1 and 2. Acknowledgements Authors would like to thank Gurki Trust Hospital Lahore and Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Lahore for providing suspected dengue samples for this study. References 1. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever: WHO fact sheet 117 World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 2002. 2. Das S, Pingle MR, Munoz-Jordan J, Rundell MS, Rondini S, Granger K, Chang GJJ, Kelly E, Spier EG, Larone D, Spitzer E, Barany F, Golightly LM: Detection and serotyping of dengue virus in serum samples by multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR-ligase detection reaction assay. J Clin Microbiol 2008,46(No. 10):3276–3284.PubMedCrossRef 3.