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“Fragrance production in petunia flowers is highly regulated. Two transcription factors, ODORANT1 (ODO1) and EMISSION OF BENZENOIDS II (EOBII) have recently been identified as regulators of the volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid pathway in petals. Unlike the non-fragrant Petunia hybrida check details cultivar R27, the fragrant cultivar Mitchell highly expresses ODO1. Using stable reporter lines, we identified the 1.2-kbp ODO1 promoter from Mitchell that is sufficient for tissue-specific,

developmental and rhythmic expression. This promoter fragment can be activated in non-fragrant R27 petals, indicating that the set of trans-acting factors driving ODO1 expression is conserved in these two petunias. Conversely, the 1.2-kbp ODO1

promoter of R27 is much less active in Mitchell petals. Transient transformation of 5′ deletion and chimeric Mitchell and R27 ODO1 promoter reporter constructs in petunia petals identified an enhancer region, which is specific for the fragrant Mitchell cultivar and contains a putative MYB binding site (MBS). Mutations in the MBS of the Mitchell promoter decreased overall promoter activity by 50%, highlighting the importance of the enhancer region. We show that EOBII binds and activates the CBL0137 ODO1 promoter via this MBS, establishing a molecular link between these two regulators of floral fragrance biosynthesis in petunia.”
“A total of 2184 primary school children were screened for superficial mycoses in Anyigba, a university town in Kogi State, Nigeria. Of the 2184 pupils sampled randomly from four schools, 144 (6.6%) had lesions suggestive of superficial mycoses. In a total of 155 samples collected, 108 (69.67%) yielded significant growth

by culture. The distribution of superficial mycoses is dependent on age and sex. Eight species of fungi belonging to two genera were isolated, including: Microsporum gypseum (13.5%). M canis 3-MA inhibitor (12.4%), M. ferrugineum (3.4%), Trichophyton rubrum (30.3%), T. tonsurans (12.4%), T. soudanense (5.6%), T. verrucosum (11.2%) and T. schoenleinii (11.2%). Poor infrastructure (residential house and classrooms), contact with soil during outdoor activities (especially in children), intimate association with pet animals and poor personal hygiene may contribute to the spread of these infections among children.”
“In this study a novel and practical procedure was developed, that involves: initial methane production rate measurement in batch tests, kinetic parameters determination and modeling application in a continuous digester.