An alignment of LSU-encoded rDNA intron sequences revealed high similarity of these sequences allowing FDA approved Drug Library their phylogenetic analysis. The 798 group I intron phylogeny was largely congruent with a phylogeny

of the internal transcribed spacer region, indicating that the insertion of the intron most likely occurred in the common ancestor of the genera Trebouxia and Asterochloris. The intron was vertically inherited in some taxa, but lost in others. The high-sequence similarity of this intron to one found in Chlorella angustoellipsoidea suggests that the 798 intron was either present in the common ancestor of Trebouxiophyceae, or that its present distribution results from more recent horizontal transfers, followed by vertical inheritance and loss. Analysis of another group I intron shared by these photobionts at small subunit position 1512 supports the hypothesis of repeated lateral transfers of this intron among some taxa, but loss among others. Our data confirm that Idasanutlin the history of group I introns is characterized by repeated horizontal transfers, and suggests

that some of these introns have ancient origins within Chlorophyta. “
“Large-scale DNA molecular studies require reliable and efficient tools for DNA extractions. However, for some plant species and brown algae, isolation of high-quality DNA is difficult. We developed a novel method for isolating high-quality DNA from the polysaccharide-rich

and polyphenol-rich brown algae based on a commercial kit and protocol (Qiagen) by optimizing the lysis step and including a chloroform/isoamyl alcohol supplementary purification step. DNAs from 24 brown algal species extracted using the original and the modified Qiagen protocol were compared for yield, quality, and effectiveness in PCR amplification. There was no significant difference in the yields between protocols. However, a statistically significant increase in DNA purity was obtained with the modified protocol, for which the A260/A280 and A260/A230 absorbance ratios averaged 1.66 ± 0.05 and 1.31 ± 0.01, respectively, heptaminol compared to 1.37 ± 0.04 and 0.52 ± 0.04 with the original protocol. DNAs extracted by the modified procedure were more successfully amplified by PCR (nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplastic regions) than DNAs extracted using the original commercial kit and protocol. Importantly, the modified protocol can be applied in a high-throughput (e.g., 96-well plate) format, allowing a higher efficiency for downstream molecular analysis. In addition, improved DNA quality could increase its stability for long-term storage. “
“It is generally accepted that ultraviolet (UV) radiation can have adverse affects on phototrophic organisms, independent of ozone depletion. The red intertidal seaweed Pyropia cinnamomea W.A. Nelson (previously Porphyra cinnamomea Sutherland et al.