While dysfunctional relationships to caregivers have been widely reported among individuals with BPD, their contribution to cortisol hyperresponsiveness has yet to be investigated. Fifty-one females (aged 18-24 years) participated to assess the impact of BPD and the quality of protective care in mother-daughter relationships on stress responsiveness. Seventeen females with BPD and twenty females without BPD participated with their mothers in a videotaped parent-young adult conflict discussion. Fourteen non-BPD females without their mothers were
assessed for cortisol levels without stress exposure. Salivary cortisol samples were collected at lab entry and 20 and 40 min after the onset of the discussion. Results revealed a higher overall cortisol response Acalabrutinib in the BPD group upon lab entry. BPD participants reported less experienced Tanespimycin supplier protection in the mother-daughter
relationship which was associated with higher cortisol levels on lab entry and higher distress at study end. Results point to the perceived quality of parental protection as likely to modulate the activity of the stress response system among BPD patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We identify clinicopathological variables predicting overall survival in patients with recurrent bladder urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 114 patients treated with radical cystectomy for bladder urothelial selleck screening library carcinoma who subsequently had remote metastasis and/or local recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log rank test and multivariate Cox regression models were used to address overall survival after recurrence.
Results : During followup 99 of the 114 patients died. Median survival in the 114 patients was 11.2 months. One and 3-year overall survival rates were 48.0% and 12.1%, respectively.
On multivariate analysis independent predictors of poorer overall survival included less than 1 year to recurrence, symptoms at recurrence, 2 or more metastatic organs at recurrence, high serum C-reactive protein, high lactate dehydrogenase, no post-recurrence platinum based chemotherapy and no metastasectomy. Based on the 4 variables (time to recurrence, symptoms, number of metastatic organs and C-reactive protein), we constructed a risk model predicting post-recurrence overall survival that classified patients into 3 groups with significantly different overall survival (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Our data confirm that recurrent urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy is a highly aggressive, lethal disease. Seven clinicopathological factors were identified that predicted post-recurrence overall survival.