We performed DTI in 38 patients with pathologically proven diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas, who were classified into two groups, i.e., 15 patients with high-grade astrocytoma (HGAs, WHO grade III and IV) and 23 patients with low-grade astrocytoma (LGAs, WHO grade II). We measured maximum FA and minimum CS values in all cases from tumor. Histopathological diagnosis was established in all

cases.

The mean maximum FA values were higher in HGA (0.583 +/- 0.104) than LGA (0.295 +/- 0.058), while mean minimum CS values were lower in HGA (0.42 +/- 0.121) than LGA (0.722 +/- 0.061). The difference in the diffusion Liproxstatin-1 concentration tensor indices between HGA and LGA was found to be statistically significant with P value of < 0.001. Keeping cutoff FA value of 0.4, all HGAs showed higher maximum FA values, and all LGAs showed lower maximum FA values. Also, all HGAs showed minimum CS values less than a cutoff

value of 0.6, and all LGAs showed minimum CS values higher than 0.6.

Diffusion AL3818 chemical structure tensor metrics such as maximum FA and minimum CS can help to differentiate HGA from LGA.”
“Aims:

West Bengal experienced a devastating storm named ‘AILA’ in its coastal and southern districts. We attempted to understand the transmission dynamics emphasizing on potable water to detect the presence of toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae, followed by the natural devastation.

Methods and Results:

A total of 33 water samples (from tap, tube well and ponds) were analysed.

From them, 11 (33 center dot 3%) samples were found to be contaminated with V. cholerae, among which 5 (45%) isolates were V. cholerae O1 biotype Ogawa. Antibiogram profile reveals that most of the V. cholerae O1 isolates were highly sensitive against fluroquinolone group of antibiotics, but less sensitive against cefuroxime (50%), cefotaxime (40 center dot 9%), ceftriaxone (38 center dot 63%), trimethoprim (37 center dot PIK3C2G 3%), streptomycin (29 center dot 2%) and furazolidon (4 center dot 54%). Three (36%) V. cholerae isolates were found to be ctxB positive (2 ctxB classical).

Conclusions:

Potable water plays a crucial role in cholera transmission. Natural disasters like the reported one aided with feacal-oral contamination enhance the possibilities of drinking water contamination.

Significance and Impact of the Study:

The application of the modified technique, making use of the enrichment subsequently followed by culture and PCR, will help us to detect the presence of toxigenic V. cholerae contamination in different aquatic environment. Moreover, natural extremes have a direct role in increase of salinity level, followed by higher predominance of V. cholerae along with their toxicity development in terms of genetic modification.