The

results are successfully used to confirm a theoretica

The

results are successfully used to confirm a theoretical model for GaN based lateral polarity junctions. Due to the strong and pronounced emission of IDBs even at elevated temperatures, it is demonstrated that lateral polarity junctions exhibit a strong potential for future high efficiency devices. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3656987]“
“Neurons spike when their membrane potential exceeds a threshold value. In central neurons, the spike threshold is not constant but Taselisib inhibitor depends on the stimulation. Thus, input-output properties of neurons depend both on the effect of presynaptic spikes on the membrane potential and on the dynamics of the spike threshold. Among the possible mechanisms that may modulate the threshold, one strong candidate is Na channel inactivation, because it specifically impacts spike initiation without

affecting the membrane potential. We collected voltage-clamp data from the literature and we found, based on a theoretical criterion, that the properties of Na inactivation could indeed cause substantial threshold variability by itself. By analyzing GSK1120212 in vivo simple neuron models with fast Na inactivation (one channel subtype), we found that the spike threshold is correlated with the mean membrane potential and negatively correlated with the preceding depolarization Elacridar slope, consistent with experiments. We then analyzed the impact of threshold dynamics on synaptic integration. The difference between the postsynaptic potential (PSP) and the dynamic threshold in response to a presynaptic spike defines an effective PSP. When the neuron is sufficiently depolarized, this effective PSP is briefer than the PSP. This mechanism regulates the temporal window of synaptic integration in an adaptive

way. Finally, we discuss the role of other potential mechanisms. Distal spike initiation, channel noise and Na activation dynamics cannot account for the observed negative slope-threshold relationship, while adaptive conductances (e. g. K+) and Na inactivation can. We conclude that Na inactivation is a metabolically efficient mechanism to control the temporal resolution of synaptic integration.”
“Background

Sebaceous adenoma of the salivary gland is an extremely rare, benign neoplasm that predominantly involves the nu or salivary glands. The major problem in dealing with sebaceous adenoma is the recognition of this entity to avoid confusion with other wore a aggressive neoplasms, such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma. hi particular, recognition of this entity in cytologic specimen is is important to avoid radical surgery.

Case

A 29-year-old woman presented with an enlarging parotid mass.

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