The percentage of HR reserve (%HRres) was calculated for each short-duration training session by the following formula (Karvonen et al., 1957): %HRres=(exercise?mean?HR?resting?HR)/(HRmax?resting?HR)��100 www.selleckchem.com/products/mek162.html Field Testing The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery (Yo-Yo IR1) field test (Krustrup et al., 2003) was performed in the same afternoon for all athletes from 6 to 7:30 p.m. in ambient conditions of 15 ��C, 1018 mm Hg atmospheric pressure, and 88% relative humidity. The test was performed in a Donjon (i.e. Taekwondo gymnasium), and athletes wore a Dobok (i.e. Taekwondo uniform). Athletes were familiar with this testing procedure as it was often used to set the training pace during training sessions. Yo-Yo IR1 consists of 2��20m bouts of progressive speed shuttle-running, interspersed by 10s of active recovery, until exhaustion (Krustrup et al.
, 2003). This test estimated the athlete��s Vmax and allowed for the measurement of HRmax during the last 2��20m bout (Castagna et al., 2006). Interval Training The aerobic interval training consisted of 4 bouts of exercise lasting for 4 minutes with 4 minutes of active recovery in-between. The ratio 1:1 (4��:4��) allowed us to implement the sparing. Each bout consisted of short duration high-intensity interval exercise, (i.e. 10:20 (10 s of exercise interspersed with 20 s of passive recovery). The intensity corresponded to 90�C95% of HRmax during running interval training. During these sessions, running distances were individualized based on the athlete��s measured Vmax and all athletes performed 100% of his Vmax during each 10 s run.
During specific TKD training, Bandal Chagui or roundhouse kick techniques were used. These kicks are the most frequently used in competition (Falco et al., 2009). The roundhouse kick, a multiplanar skill, starts with the kicking leg traveling in an arc towards the front with the knee in a chambered position. The knee is extended in a snapping movement, striking the opponent with the metatarsal part of the foot extended. Following the warm-up, each athlete performed maximum repeated kicks (i.e. Bandal Chagui) during 10 s. Verbal encouragements were used to keep 90�C95% of athlete�� maximal repeated kicks through the 4 bouts of specific TKD training. TKD techniques were used intermittently as during running (i.e. 10:20 [10 s of exercise interspersed with 20 s of passive recovery]).
Methods for Quantifying Interval Training Load (TL) The first HR-based method of determining internal TL in the present study was the training impulse (TRIMP), described by Banister (1991). Training impulse was determined using the following formula: TD��HRres��Y In which TD is the effective training Entinostat session duration (time duration) expressed in minute and Y is a nonlinear coefficient given by the equation, Y = 0.64e1.92x, with e = base of the Napierian logarithms and x = HRres. The HR-based method proposed by Edwards (1993) was also used to determine internal TL.