The aGVHD is produced by an allogenic immune response in a predominant milieu of Th1-type cytokines [37]. These findings selleck compound suggest that CD30 expression is not only dependent on cytokines produced by Th2-type cells. Accordingly, significant serum CD30s levels have been associated with another immune disease mediated by Th1-type response as in rheumatoid arthritis

[38]. Equally, we have found in the CD30 correlation study carried out in patients with SLE, a positive correlation between IL-4 (Th2), IFNγ (Th1) and immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10 and TGFβ). Results support the presence of an imbalance in both the Th2-/Th1- and Treg-type cytokines. CD30 has pleiotropic biological functions, and it is capable of promoting cell proliferation and survival as well as inducing antiproliferative responses

and cell death [39, 40]. The CD30/CD30L signalling pathway is barely known and could be a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases such as SLE [12, 13, 25]. Indeed, at present, there are developed preclinical and clinical studies with monoclonal antibodies targeting the CD30/CD30L signalling pathway. This work was supported by the grant PI-2009/25 from BGB324 research buy the Castilla-La-Mancha Foundation for Health Research (Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria en Castilla La Mancha (FISCAM)). “
“The immune system of pregnant women is tightly controlled to defend against microbial infections and at the same time, to accept an embryo or the fetus, which are expressing semi-allogenic paternal antigens. Furthermore, inflammation-like processes are crucial for tissue growth, remodeling, and differentiation of the decidua during pregnancy. Dysregulation of elaborate immune control may lead reproductive failure, such as implantation failure, recurrent

pregnancy loss (RPL), preterm birth, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. Until recent years, a balance between Th1 and Th2 cells was believed to be the key immune regulatory mechanism of T-cell immunology Cepharanthine especially during pregnancy. Since the identification of regulatory T cells was made, the mechanism of immune regulation has become a major issue in immunologic research. Also, the recent identification of Th17 cells has drawn our attention to a new immune effector. The balance between Th17 and regulatory T cells may explain more about the pathophysiology of reproductive failure. This review will discuss relevant human literature on regulatory T and Th17 cells in normal reproductive physiology and in women with RPL and infertility. During pregnancy, the immune system of the mother is tightly controlled to defend against microbial infections and to accept an embryo and a fetus, which are expressing semi-allogenic paternal antigens. Furthermore, immune-mediated processes such as tissue growth, remodeling, and differentiation are crucial to maintain pregnancy.