Table 1 Exercise training program schedule. Week Sets × repetitions Load (% rat body weight) Water level (% rat length) 1st (adaptation) 30 min 0 80 2nd 4 × 10 20-25 120 3rd 4 × 10 30-35 130 4th 4 × 10 40 140 5th 4 × 10 45 145 6th 4 × 10 50 150 Body composition After the treatments, the animals were euthanized (CO2). Their skin and viscera were separated from muscles and bones (empty carcass) and head and tail were disposed. The empty carcass was weighed and stored in a freezer
(-20°C) for subsequent analyses. Body water percentage was evaluated using the gravimetric method by evaporation of water in an oven (Fanem, Guarulhos – SP, Brazil) at 105°C for 24 h. Fat percentage was determined by the gravimetric process in a Soxhlet equipment, with the use of ethylic ether as solvent for the 8-hour extraction.
Protein percentage was calculated by the indirect method of nitrogen determination [Protein PF-4708671 clinical trial (g) = nitrogen (g) × 6.25] and Z-VAD-FMK price the Kjeldahl method [32]. Urinary creatinine content Urine samples were collected during a 24 h-period at the end of the first, second and sixth weeks of the experiment. Urinary creatinine was determined through automatic UV/VIS spectrophotometry (ALIZÉ® equipment, Biomêrieux – France) using commercial kits. Statistical analysis All data were submitted to the normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). ANOVA was once used to compare body weight, carcass MCC950 clinical trial weight and percentages of water, fat and protein, and VAV2 urinary creatinine among the groups and supplementation factor effects. Whenever a significant F-value was obtained, a post-hoc test with a Tukey adjustment was performed for multiple comparison purposes. The exercise factor effect (sedentary vs. exercised groups)
was determined by the Student’s t test. All data analyses were performed using the Sigma Stat 3.0 software system (SPSS, Illinois – Chicago, USA) and the statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The concentrations of blood lactate increased similarly in all exercised animals (ANOVA One-Way Repeated Measures, P < 0.05) from rest (2.7±0.6 mmol/L; mean ± SD), to the second set (6.9 ± 1.4 mmol/L) and fourth set (9.2 ± 1.8 mmol/L) of vertical jumping moments. Lean body mass composition Food intake was controlled to 15 to 20 g/day, according to the age and consumption of the animals. No difference in food intake was observed among the groups throughout the experimental period (data not shown). The initial body weights of the animals were not different (P > 0.05) among the groups (Table 2). By the end of the experimental period, the groups SPl and SCaf exhibited higher body weights compared to EPl and ECaf, respectively (Table 2). The exercised animals presented a lower body weight (11.6%; P = 0.001), compared to the sedentary animals. The carcass weight was higher in SPl and SCaf, compared to the groups EPl and ECaf (P = 0.034 and P < 0.01; respectively). Likewise, the exercised animals presented a lower carcass weight (10.9%; P = 0.