Sections were examined with a Philips CM 100 TEM (Eindhoven, Holl

Sections were examined with a Philips CM 100 TEM (Eindhoven, Holland) and images were recorded with an OSIS Veleta 2 k × 2 k CCD camera at the Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy of the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Statistical analysis A Student’s t-test (run with

Excel software) was used to compare the experimental groups that were subjected to various stresses and the non-stressed controls. P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Acknowledgements This study was supported in part by the Pathos Project funded by the Strategic Research Council of Denmark (ENV 2104-07-0015) and Otto Mønsted Foundation, and in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN 240762–2010 to Dr. Creuzenet). We thank Dr. Valvano for sharing the tissue culture facility and microscopes, and Dr. Koval for the use of her microscope. We find more also thank R. Ford for critical reading of this manuscript. References 1. Newton JM, Surawicz CM: Infectious gastroenteritis and colitis diarrhea. In Diarrhea, clinical gastroenterology.

Edited by: Guandalini S, Vaziri H. New York: Humana Press; 2011:33–59. 2. Domingues AR, Pires SM, Halasa T, Hald T: Source attribution of human campylobacteriosis using a meta-analysis of case–control studies of sporadic infections. Epidemiol Infect 2012, 140:970–981.PubMedCrossRef 3. Beery JT, Hugdahl MB, Doyle MP: BMS 907351 Colonization of gastrointestinal tracts of chicks by Campylobacter jejuni. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988, 54:2365–2370.PubMed 4. Candon HL, Allan BJ, Fraley CD, Gaynor EC: Polyphosphate kinase 1 is a pathogenesis determinant in Campylobacter jejuni. J Bacteriol 2007, 189:8099–8108.PubMedCrossRef 5.

Friedman CR, Neimann J, Wegener HC, Tauxe RV: Campylobacter jejuni infections in the United States and other industrialized nations. In Campylobacter. vol. 2, 2 edition. Edited by: Nachamkin I. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2000:121–138. MJB 6. Klančnik A, Guzej B, Jamnik P, Vučković D, Abram M, Možina Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) SS: Stress response and pathogenic potential of Campylobacter jejuni cells exposed to starvation. Res Microbiol 2009, 160:345–352.PubMedCrossRef 7. Jackson D, Davis B, Tirado S, Duggal M, van Frankenhuyzen J, Deaville D, Wijesinghe M, Tessaro M, Selleckchem MAPK inhibitor Trevors J: Survival mechanisms and culturability of Campylobacter jejuni under stress conditions. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2009, 96:377–394.PubMedCrossRef 8. Alter T, Scherer K: Stress response of Campylobacter spp. and its role in food processing. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2006, 53:351–357.PubMedCrossRef 9. Fields JA, Thompson SA: Campylobacter jejuni CsrA mediates oxidative stress responses, biofilm formation, and host cell invasion. J Bacteriol 2008, 190:3411–3416.PubMedCrossRef 10. Ma Y, Hanning I, Slavik M: Stress-induced adaptive tolerance response and virulence gene expression in Campylobacter jejuni. J Food Safety 2009, 29:126–143.CrossRef 11.

Comments are closed.