Rates for Australia and NZ are comparable to the UK (108 pmp in 2008) and Europe (125 pmp in 2006).39 Among DN patients in 2008, Australia had 40 pmp and NZ had 53 pmp, which are both comparable to Canada (57 pmp), but again considerably

less than the US (159 pmp). These differences between countries could be due to differences in the propensity to treat patients, data collection,40 and the relatively high proportion of Māoris in the NZ population (18% in 2006). Differences in population prevalence of known or diagnosed diabetes may also be important: similar across most of these countries, e.g. 5.5% in Canada in 2004/5,41 5.6% in USA in 2004,42 3.7% in Australia in 1999/2000.15 The incidence of RRT increased in other MG-132 concentration comparable countries increased until around 2005, after which it generally remained constant.37,38,43 Immediate trends in Australia and NZ are less clear, but incidence of DN patients may be leveling off in the last 2–3 years.

The number and population incidence rate of new RRT cases resulting from diabetic nephropathy have increased substantially over time and this can be NVP-AUY922 attributed to several factors. First, the diabetes epidemic contributes to the incidence of diabetic nephropathy. Second, many diabetics now live long enough to develop ESKD. Third, there have been increases in the propensity to treat older and sicker patients over time. Finally, patients are now commencing RRT earlier in the progression of kidney disease, creating a small lead-time bias. ANZDATA is funded by the Australian Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation Authority, the NZ Ministry of Health and Kidney Health Australia. BG is supported by a NHMRC Capacity Building Grant in Population Health. “
“The serum immunoglobulin

A (IgA)/C3 ratio has been shown to be a good predictor of histological lesions and prognosis for patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in Japanese. Methane monooxygenase But its validity in the Chinese population is unclear. We sought to explore the long-term outcomes of IgAN, its clinical and histopathological predictors in Chinese patients. In particular, the role of serum IgA/C3 ratio in the course of IgAN was addressed. A total of 217 biopsy-diagnosed IgAN patients were recruited into this prospective cohort with a mean follow-up of 36 months (25–75th percentile, 27–48). Sociodemographics, serum IgA/C3 level, other clinical examinations and Lee’s histological grade were measured. The patients with a decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 50% or developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were defined as progression. A total of 21 patients was found to progress (9.7%). In multivariate analysis, renal end point of IgAN was significantly predicted by proteinuria ≥1 g/day (relative risk (RR) = 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–7.68), hypertension (RR = 3.15, 95% CI 1.07–9.29), higher Lee’s histological grade (RR = 4.67, 95% CI 1.43–15.25) and serum IgA/C3 ratio ≥ 3.