Perioperative outcomes of patients with limited pulmonary reserve who underwent thoracoscopic resection were documented and compared with those of similar patients who underwent open resection.

Results: Of 600 patients assessed, 70 selleck chemicals llc had limited pulmonary reserve according to our criteria. Forty-seven of them underwent thoracoscopic resection. This cohort had excellent outcomes, with mortality of 2.1%, pneumonia rate of 4.3%, and discharge independence rate of 95.7%. Relative to contemporary patients undergoing open resection

(N = 23, including 12 conversions), patients undergoing thoracoscopic resection had lower incidence of pneumonia (4.3% vs. 21.7%, P < .05) and shorter intensive care unit stay (2 vs 4 days, P = .05).

Conclusions: Patients with marginal lung function tolerate thoracoscopic anatomic resection well. Reassessment

of the traditional pulmonary function test guidelines for operability Lenvatinib in vitro is warranted in the current era of thoracoscopic lung surgery. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:459-62)”
“Serotonergic hallucinogens produce profound changes in perception, mood, and cognition. These drugs include phenylalkylamines such as mescaline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), and indoleamines such as (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. Despite their differences in chemical structure, the two classes of hallucinogens produce remarkably similar subjective effects in humans, and induce cross-tolerance. The phenylalkylamine hallucinogens are selective 5-HT2 receptor agonists, whereas the indoleamines are relatively non-selective for serotonin (5-HT) receptors. There is extensive evidence, from both animal and human studies, that the characteristic effects

of hallucinogens are mediated by interactions with the 5-HT2A receptor. Nevertheless, there is also evidence that interactions with other receptor sites contribute to the psychopharmacological and behavioral effects of the indoleamine hallucinogens. This article reviews the not evidence demonstrating that the effects of indoleamine hallucinogens in a variety of animal behavioral paradigms are mediated by both 5-HT2 and non-5HT(2) receptors.

This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Serotonin: The New Wave’. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: The objective of this study was to detect and evaluate reliable metabolite markers for screening and monitoring treatment of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) by studying metabolomics. The sensitivity and specificity of the study were evaluated not only for EAC but also for Barrett esophagus and high-grade dysplasia, which are widely regarded as precursors of EAC.

Methods: Profiles of metabolites in blood serum were constructed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and statistical analysis methods.