However, when a phosphorescent crystal is fractured impulsively by dropping a load on it, then initially the ML intensity increases linearly with time, attains a maximum value I-m at a particular time
t(m) and later on it decreases initially at a fast rate and then at a slow rate. For low impact velocity the value of t(m) is constant, however, for Doramapimod higher impact velocity t(m) decreases logarithmally with the increasing impact velocity. Whereas the peak ML intensity I-m increases linearly with the impact velocity, the total ML intensity I-T, initially increases linearly with the impact velocity and then it tends to attain a saturation value for-higher values of the impact velocity. The value of t(m) increases logarithmally with the thickness of crystals, I-m increases linearly with the area of cross-section of crystals and I-T increases
linearly with the volume of crystals. Generally, the ML of non-irradiated crystals decreases with increasing temperature of crystals. Depending on the prevailing conditions the ML spectra consist of either gas discharge spectra or solid state luminescence spectra or combination of the both. On the basis of the rate of generation of cracks and the rate of creation of new surface area of crystals, expressions are derived for the ML intensity and they are found to explain satisfactorily the temporal, spectral, thermal, crystal-size, impact velocity, surface area, and other characteristics of ML The present investigation may be useful in designing of damage sensors, fracture sensors, BEZ235 clinical trial ML-based safety management monitoring system, fuse-system for army warheads, milling machine, etc. The present study may be helpful in understanding the processes involved in earthquakes, earthquake lights and mine-failure as they basically involve fracture of solids. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: this website To assess
the variability in the number of cigarettes smoked per person per day in Spain according to the information source (health surveys versus legal sales).\n\nMethods: We compared cigarette consumption per person per day (population aged >= 16 years) obtained from the national health surveys in Spain and the official data on legal tobacco sales between 1993 and 2009.\n\nResults: Cigarette consumption per person per day decreased between 1993 and 2009. Over the entire period, the number of cigarettes smoked per person per day according to legal sales exceeded that reported by national health surveys (up to 46.9%).\n\nConclusion: The difference in data on the number of cigarettes smoked between national health surveys and legal sales has increased in the last few years in Spain. (C) 2012 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“Four hundred shabbout fries (Tor grypus L. 1758), with average initial weight of 0.95+/-0.02 g and total average length of 4.10+/-0.