Geyer et al. reported the results of wide international study sponsored by International Olympic Committee concerning the purity of non-hormonal nutritional

supplements. Of the 634 samples analyzed 14. 8% contained prohormones not declared on the label. Most of the contaminated supplements (68.1%) contained prohormones of testosterone and contamination was found in all kinds of NS [18]. Baume et al. found similar results in their studies as three of 103 dietary supplements screened contained metandienone and 18 of the products contained precursors or metabolites of testosterone or nandrolone [22]. Although the amounts of the prohormones in NS are mostly low, the excretion studies have shown that the amount of their urine metabolites SBI-0206965 can rise high because of the high recommended dosages of the NS which lead to positive doping results [18,

22]. In their recent paper, Petroczi et al pointed out the lack of surveillance on the dietary supplement market and established the Belnacasan mw complicated legislation concerning food supplements in European Union [24]. As DS use among Finnish elite athletes seems to be remarkably high, the risk of contaminated supplements must be taken seriously and attention must be taken to athlete’s supplement use and dietary education. Limitations of the study When collecting data for the follow-up study our main intention was to keep the source population similar with the study population in 2002. However,

between study years the National Olympic Committee had somewhat elevated the criteria for financial support and therefore, fewer small sport federations received support than previously. This is why the study population slightly decreased in follow-up study. However, subgroup oxyclozanide sizes between study years (speed and power athletes, endurance athletes, athletes in motor skill demanding events and team sport athletes) were quite comparable. In addition, the study populations in both study years were high enough to explain differences of 5% or less between groups. There were differences in athlete’s ages: mean age of all athletes was lower in follow-up study (23.0 vs. 21.2 years) (Table 2) the difference was greatest in team sport athletes (21.6 vs.18.7 years). Since rates of DS use were significantly lower among younger than older athletes, decreased total DS use between study years may partly be explained by the fact that there were younger athletes in the follow-up study. Lower mean age of the athletes may also explain lower mean training hours per week and shorter duration of active sport career of the athletes in 2009 (Table 2). However, it should be noted that all statistical analyses carried out was done with adjusting for age. In our survey, athletes were asked to name all dietary supplements, all vitamins, minerals and herbal and homeopathic preparations used during previous 12 months learn more without examples given.