For each OTU, there are 11 perfect-match
probes, and 11 mismatch probes, which are always analyzed in pairs. For an OTU to be considered a positive match to a probe, the signal intensity must be 1.3X the intensity of the mismatch probe [13]. The positive fraction is a measure of how many perfect-match probes matched out of the total number of probe pairs for that OTU. For this study, a positive fraction of 0.92 was used to determine the presence of an OTU in a sample; for each OTU, 92% of the perfect-match probes were positive. A mean intensity threshold of 100 was used, so that only OTUs with signal intensity greater than that were included in the analysis. All 14 sample files were used in the comparison. Data were evaluated down to the taxonomic level of family for most analyses since each OTU represented more than one species [32]. A heatmap (Figure 6) showing the presence or Buparlisib in vivo absence, and relative intensity of each OTU was created using all 14 samples. Samples were arranged in rows and were clustered on the vertical axis. OTUs were arranged vertically and were clustered on the horizontal axis.
Clustering was done using Phylotrac’s heatmap option with Pearson correlation, a measure of the correlation between two variables, and complete linkage algorithms (farthest neighbor), which clusters based on the maximum distance between two variables. Figure 6 Distribution of PhyloChip OTU’s for all 14 samples. Samples (rumen and colon) are arranged in rows and are clustered on the vertical axis (y-axis). OTU’s are arranged vertically and are on the horizontal axis (x-axis). Clustering was done for each using Phylotrac’s CB-5083 heatmap option with Pearson correlations and complete linkage algorithms. UniFrac (available from http://bmf2.colorado.edu/unifrac/), an online statistical program, was used to analyze PhyloChip data [42, 43] and to confirm the clustering functions of PhyloTrac. Data were exported from PhyloTrac for analysis using the UniFrac statistical check details software. P-test significance was
run using all 14 environments together and 100 permutations, to determine whether each sample was significantly different from each other. A p-value of < 0.05 states that the environments were significantly clustered together. Two Jackknife environment clusters were performed using 100 Paclitaxel solubility dmso permutations, the weighted and unweighted UniFrac algorithms, and 307 minimum sequences to keep (UniFrac default for the specified conditions). Jackknife counts were provided for each node, representing the number of times out of 100 that a node was present on the tree when the tree was repeatedly rebuilt. A Jackknife percentage of >50% is considered significant. A principal component analysis (PCA) scatterplot was also created using the weighted algorithm, a chart which arranged two potentially related variables into unrelated variables on a graph, revealing underlying variance within the data. Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge Rachel P.