At first glance, the recovery discourse explains www.selleckchem.com/products/Sunitinib-Malate-(Sutent).html recovery in terms of a journey of hope [31], consisting of a lifelong, individual process in which the individual takes back control, gets on with his/her life [37], and (re)integrates into the social world [38]. In a nutshell, recovery is grafted onto empowering service users with mental health problems to stimulate their personal growth and responsibility [35].In what follows, we focus on different conceptual notions of recovery and on the complicated issues and dilemmas that are emerging concerning the ways in which care and support can be provided by professionals [13, 19], as it is stated that social service professionals play a pivotal role in supporting service users with mental health problems in their recovery [1, 2, 17].

In the extensive body of recovery literature, we identify and distinguish an individual and a social approach to recovery. In our conceptual analysis, these different conceptualizations of recovery intrinsically construct different notions of citizenship and imply disabling as well as enabling features of care and support offered by professionals in social service delivery. In the individual approach to recovery, an underlying notion of normative citizenship is persistently at work, implying a residual perspective on care and support services. In the social approach to recovery, an underlying notion of relational and inclusive citizenship is uncovered, enabling a structural perspective on care and support services.3.

An Individual Approach to RecoveryIn both theory and practice, stressing the service user’s responsibility appears to be a central component in the empowering process of recovery [39]. According to Deegan [31, page 2], for example, recovery involves enabling people with mental health problems to ��regain control over their lives, and (��) be responsible for their own individual journey of recovery.�� Recently, mental health experts formulated a working definition of recovery as a person-driven process: ��self-determination and self-direction are the foundations for recovery as individuals define their own life goals and design their unique path(s) towards those goals. Individuals optimize their autonomy and independence to the greatest extent possible by leading, controlling, Batimastat and exercising choice over the services and supports that assist their recovery and resilience.