6 kD fusion protein named 2C3AB was expressed in bacteria which incorporated two major B-cell epitope regions of 2C and the whole 3AB within the NSP of FMDV. The product reacted specifically AZD8931 research buy with sera from animals infected with FMDV, but did not react with sera from non-vaccinated and healthy animals. The performance of 2C3AB was compared further with the 3ABC fusion protein as the antigen in an indirect ELISA format for DIVA. The results showed that the 2C3AB-ELISA had an even stronger signal reaction in the indirect ELISA and showed higher sensitivity than the 3ABC-ELISA for DIVA purposes and for detection of early

virus infection in animals. Therefore, it is expected that the recombinant protein 2C3AB could be a good candidate protein with which to develop more sensitive methods for DIVA and for surveillance of herds infected subclinically selleck chemicals under conditions of vaccination. This study indicates that

the 2C3AB-ELISA can be used to confirm the results of the 3ABC-ELISA to improve the performance of the 3ABC-ELISA DIVA test. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are two major aetiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. Recently there have been several large outbreaks of HFMD in Vietnam and the Asia-Pacific region. In this study, a multiplex RT-PCR assay was developed in order to detect simultaneously HEV71, CVA16 and other human enteroviruses. Enterovirus detection was performed with a mixture of three pairs of oligonucleotide primers: one pair of published primers for amplifying ROS1 all

known enterovirus genomes and two new primer pairs specific for detection of the VP1 genes of HEV71 and CVA16. Enterovirus isolates, CVA16 and HEV71 strains identified previously from patients with HFMD were examined to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex RT-PCR assay. The assay was then applied to the direct detection of these viruses in clinical specimens obtained from HFMD cases identified at Children’s Hospital Number 2, Ho Chi Minh City. Vietnam. The multiplex RT-PCR assay showed 100% specificity in screening for enteroviruses and in identifying HEV71 and CVA16. Similar results were obtained when using the multiplex RT-PCR assay to screen for enteroviruses and to identify HEV71 and CVA16 in clinical specimens obtained from HFMD cases identified at the hospital. This multiplex RT-PCR assay is a rapid, sensitive and specific assay for the diagnosis of HEV71 or CVA16 infection in cases of HFMD and is also potentially useful for molecular epidemiological investigations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Preservation of meat with nitrite or nitrate has become important to mankind in controlling meat spoilage and in producing safe and palatable meat products with good keeping properties even at ambient temperature.