[42] Both varieties seem to have a worldwide distribution. There is no dominance of a variety on certain continents. In conclusion, multi-locus studies as well as AFLPs recognized var. arrhizus and var. delemar as different phylogenetic species which is in agreement with previous publications[19, 20]. However, there is still zygospore formation between members of both varieties, although their number is reduced suggesting that the mating barrier is not complete yet. No differences in ecology, epidemiology and distribution could be detected between the varieties. Morphological

differences described by Zheng et al. [17] such as the predominant position of swellings of the sporangiophore or the main origin of the sporangiophores (aerial hyphae or stolons) are small and quantitative and do not justify the separation of two species. Opaganib in vivo Considering the dynamics of genomes in R. arrhizus, the absence of lactase dehydrogenase A in var. delemar causing

the accumulation of different organic acids in the medium is not regarded as sufficient for the species rank. No additional physiological differences have been detected. In addition, no CBC was detected between the varieties[20] and CH5424802 price the ITS distances within and between Rhizopus species suggest a single species. Consequently we propose to treat the two phylogenetic species as varieties of the same biological species. Because we consider the protologue

of the first described Rhizopus arrhizus as conclusive we suggest naming them R. arrhizus var. arrhizus and R. arrhizus var. delemar. We thank Andrii Gryganskyi for sharing unpublished data and for helpful comments on the manuscript. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. “
“Infective endocarditis due to Candida sp. has a high mortality rate. Traditionally, management involves early surgery and prolonged amphotericin ± flucytosine. We report a case of Candida parapsilosis bileaflet mitral valve endocarditis cured with PJ34 HCl anidulafungin and fluconazole, and review the role of echinocandins in the management of Candida endocarditis. “
“Antifungal prophylaxis during first remission induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia requires broad spectrum azoles. In a clinical trial, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antifungal prophylaxis with voriconazole 200 mg bid was evaluated in a population of six patients. High pressure liquid chromatography was applied. Trough levels were obtained 24 h after the last voriconazole dose. Median time of voriconazole exposure prior to sample acquisition was 16 days (range 9–21). The mean voriconazole concentration was 486 μg l−1 and ranged from 136 μg l−1 to 1257 μg l−1. Among possible or probable treatment-related adverse events, elevated liver function tests were the most frequent.