2b). ESRD was more common among AA women. However, the difference in the prevalence of vertebral fractures between the two racial groups was similar in 965 subjects without ESRD (10% in AA vs. 13.2% in CA, p = 0.2) and in the whole population. The racial difference in vertebral fracture prevalence was more pronounced in women with history of systemic glucocorticoid use than in those without (Fig. 2c), although this was not statistically significant. The prevalence of vertebral fractures did not differ between subjects who had and those who did not have primary care physician at the University of Chicago (Fig. 2d). Fig. 2 Prevalence of vertebral fractures in Caucasian (open bars) and African American

women (shaded bars) according to presence of cancer (a), smoking (b), use of glucocorticoids (GC—graph C), or having primary care physician (PCP) at the University of Chicago VX-661 order (d) Less than half of the subjects had results of BMD testing in the HKI-272 in vitro medical record with no racial difference in the percentage of subjects tested (Table 2). CA women were more likely to have a BMD diagnosis of osteoporosis defined as T-scores ≤−2.5 at either the lumbar spine or the proximal femur. CA women were also more likely to have a diagnosis of osteoporosis recorded in the medical record and to receive Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor treatment for osteoporosis (Table 2). Similar trends were observed in women with vertebral

fractures (Table 3). Higher proportions of CA women received pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis (p = 0.02). Table 2 Osteoporosis (OP) diagnosis and management—all subjects   Caucasian (N = 238) African American (N = 773) p value BMD in medical record 110 (46.2%) 317 (41.0%) 0.155 OP on BMDa 42 (38.2%) 71 (22.4%) 0.001 OP in medical record 44 (18.5%) 64 (8.3) <0.001 Calcium ± vitamin D 72 (30.3%) 104 (13.5%) <0.001 Pharmacologic therapy C59 molecular weight 55 (23.1%) 66 (8.5%) <0.001 aAmong the 110 CA and 317 AA women who had BMD

testing Table 3 Osteoporosis (OP) diagnosis and management in women with vertebral fractures   Caucasian (N = 31) African American (N = 80) p value BMD in medical record 13 (41.9%) 38 (47.5%) 0.598 OP on BMDa 8 (61.5%) 13 (34.2%) 0.084 OP in medical record 8 (25.8%) 13 (16.3%) 0.249 Calcium ± vitamin D 8 (25.8%) 15 (18.8%) 0.411 Pharmacologic therapy 12 (38.7) 14 (17.5%) 0.018 aAmong the 13 CA and 38 AA women with fractures who had BMD testing Only 18% of patients with vertebral fractures found on chest radiographs in this study had vertebral fractures mentioned in the radiology report, with no significant difference between the races. Discussion We have previously observed that among patients referred for bone density testing at the University of Chicago, the prevalence of vertebral fractures was similar in AA and CA women [16]. In contrast, population studies reported that the prevalence of vertebral fractures in CA women was 1.9- to 2.3-fold higher [14, 15].