2 mg/kg/d), with a significant difference (P = 0.032). In accordance with the present results, one study of adult cases found a significant nephrotoxicity percentage among patients receiving a high dose of vancomycin therapy and who were admitted to the ICU [15]. In the present study, most of the pediatric cases suffering from nephrotoxicity induced by vancomycin therapy were associated with a significant learn more increasing SCr level that returned to the average baseline concentration at the end of therapy or hospital discharge. In accordance with the present findings, one study by Jeffries et al. [9] stated that 72% of the studied cases of patients suffering from vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity had a high

creatinine level that returned to baseline at the time of hospital discharge.

Regarding the time of occurrence of vancomycin-induced renal toxicity, several studies reported that the onset of renal toxicity mainly occurs after a lapse of 1–3 weeks from the onset of vancomycin therapy in adult patients [2, 9, 10]. In the present study, the time of occurrence of renal toxicity occurred in the first week for renal toxicity associated with both high and low trough MK0683 research buy vancomycin levels. The duration of vancomycin therapy plays an important role in the induction of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Hidayat et al. [2] stated that increasing the duration of vancomycin therapy was associated with an increase in the incidence of occurrence of renal toxicity, and approximately 30% of the studied cases associated with nephrotoxicity were patients receiving vancomycin therapy for more than 14 days, while it was only 6.3% in adult patients receiving vancomycin therapy

for less than 1 week. Conclusion The present work discussed the impact of vancomycin therapy in the renal function of the pediatric population. The result of this study showed that vancomycin-induced renal toxicity existed in 27.2% of the studied cases, and the incidence of renal toxicity was significantly increased with high trough vancomycin levels of ≥10 μg/mL. Admission to the ICU, prolongation of vancomycin therapy, and concurrent administration of other aminoglycoside medications during vancomycin therapy increased the incidence of renal toxicity in pediatric studied cases. In conclusion, renal functions tests and continuous monitoring of vancomycin trough levels for children Myosin receiving vancomycin therapy, especially admitted to the ICU and given other aminoglycoside medications, are essential. Acknowledgments No funding or sponsorship was received for this study or publication of this article. Dr. Ahmed Refat Ragab is the guarantor for this article, and takes responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole. Conflict of interest Ahmed R. Ragab, Maha K. Al-Mazroua, and Mona A. 4SC-202 concentration Al-Harony declare no conflict of interest. Compliance with Ethics Guidelines This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.