1.3. Ownership www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html Structure (X3) Ownership structure is denoted by the proportion of added value of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) covering the total added value of industrial enterprises above designated size. At the outset of the transition towards a market economy, the governments in developing countries envisioned that privatization would be an efficient way to improve performance and productivity. The reform of state-owned enterprises has greatly affected the profitability and productivity of Chinese industrial firms [30]. Incentive mechanism based on property rights may determine the environmental efficiency and environmental TFP through imperfect competition and pollution externality.4.1.4. Energy Consumption Structure (X4) Energy consumption structure is denoted by the proportion of electricity consumption accounted for total energy consumption.
Different kinds of energy have different costs and pollution emissions which will influence the environment efficiency and environmental TFP.4.1.5. Intensity of Environmental Regulation (X5) China has adopted various policy measures to control industrial pollution. We need to assess the impact of pollution regulations on industrial productivity. Using the method of composite index, this paper builds a complex measurement system of China’s industrial intensity of environmental regulation. This system has a target layer (intensity of environmental regulation) and three evaluation layers (waste water, waste gas, and solid waste).
The main data sources are China Statistical Yearbook, China Energy Statistics Yearbook, Chinese Industry Economy Statistical Yearbook, and China Economic Census Yearbook published by NBSC [21�C23, 31]. Some individual missing values are supplemented by linear interpolation. As the lower value of environmental inefficiency indicates higher environmental efficiency, in order to make the regression results consistent with the tradition, we use the formula E = 1/(1 + IE) to transform values of environmental inefficiency into values of environmental efficiency. Since the transformation value is between 0 and 1, we should choose the Tobit regression model. At the same time, because the environmental TFP should be analyzed dynamically and LTFP index is compared with last year, it is essential to transform the four types of index above into cumulative growth index taking 1999 as the base period.
Because some values are negative, according to Managi and Jena [32], all values should be added one, and then the values through logarithmic transformation Dacomitinib can be used as the dependent variable of the model.4.2. Estimation Results The estimation results are given in Table 3. Hausman test shows that it’s better to choose fixed effect model.Table 3Estimation results of environmental efficiency and environmental TFPa.