0yr, range: 0.89.5yr). Their current status regarding IS therapy was analyzed and correlated with initial immunoprophylaxis. pT was defined as tacrolimus monotherapy, with mean trough blood levels <4ng/mL during the preceding year of follow-up, combined with normal liver function tests. The 66 children transplanted before April 2001 received a standard tacrolimussteroid regimen. Beyond April 2001, 105 patients received steroid-free tacrolimusbasiliximab or tacrolimusdaclizumab immunoprophylaxis. In the latter group, 43 (41%) never experienced any acute rejection episode and never received steroids. In the long term, a total of 79 recipients (47%) developed

pT (n=73) or IS-free operational tolerance (n=6), 27 of them belonging to the 43 steroid-free Cl-amidine mw patients (63%). In contrast, only 52/128 (41%) children treated with steroids subsequently developed prope/operational tolerance (p=0.012). Steroid-free tacrolimus-based IS seems to promote long-term graft acceptance under minimal/no IS. These results constitute the first evidence that minimization of IS, including steroid avoidance, might be tolerogenic in the long term after pediatric LT.”
“The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is implicated in cell growth especially during cancer development and progression. Its action is dependent on well known oncogenic pathways that regulate tumor cell selleckchem growth and

cell cycle progression, in response to different stimuli. Sirolimus, temsirolimus and everolimus are specific inhibitors of mTOR that have originally been characterized by their antifungal and immunosuppressive properties, but also significantly inhibit cancer click here cells’ proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, and promote apoptosis. In addition, mTOR

inhibitors display potent antiangiogenic properties by the suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor signal transduction. The antitumoral effects of mTOR inhibitors, as a monotherapy or in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors or usual cytotoxic agents, have been extensively suggested in preclinical studies, including animal models. In a clinical setting, preliminary reports have demonstrated that mTOR inhibitors use is associated with an acceptable safety profile. Currently, mTOR inhibitors are tested in multiple trials and various cancer types, usually in intermittent schedules to avoid significant immunosuppression. Of particular interest is the use of mTOR inhibitors in the field of organ transplantation, including liver transplantation, in preventive or curative strategies, for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and de novo post-transplantation malignancies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Child and adolescent psychiatry and adult psychiatry have important common research and working fields, in particular the diagnostics and treatment of disorders with onset in childhood or adolescence and persistence over the life span.