004) and the circumflex territory (P <= .001), for off-pump (P <= .008) or cardiopulmonary bypass (P < .0001) and for patients undergoing isolated by-pass grafting (P < .0001).

Conclusions: Intraoperative flows of radial artery bypass grafts showed comparable baseline results in single aorta-coronary conduits

and Y-grafts. Graft flow reserve recruited by intra-aortic balloon pumping was higher in Y-conduits, regardless of the grafted territory learn more and the perfusion strategy chosen. Failed radial artery bypass grafts did not improve transit-time flow results during 1:1 intra-aortic balloong pumping nor showed any recruitment of graft flow reserve. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140:292-7)”
“In the gut, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 activation

leads to release of neurotransmitters such as neuropeptides and nitric oxide. However, the distribution of TRPV1 nerve fibers and neurotransmitters released form sensory nerve endings in the PLX3397 concentration enteric nervous system are currently not well understood. The present study investigated the immunohistochemical distribution of TRPV1 channels, sensory neuropeptides, and nitric oxide and their co-localization in mouse large intestine. Numerous TRPV1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivities were detected, mainly in the mucosa, submucosal layer, and myenteric plexus. Abundant substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)immunoreactivity were revealed in muscle layers. Motor function studies of circular and longitudinal muscles found that contractile responses to capsaicin in the rectum were most sensitive among the rectum, and distal, transverse, and proximal colon.

Double labeling studies Oxymatrine were carried out in horizontal sections of mouse rectum. TRPV1/protein gene product (PGP)9.5 double labeled axons were observed, but PGP9.5 and neuronal nuclear protein immunopositive cell bodies did not express TRPV1 immunoreactivity in the myenteric plexus. In the mucosa, submucosal layer, deep muscular plexus, circular muscle, myenteric plexus and longitudinal muscle layer, TRPV1 nerve fibers were found to contain CGRP, SP and nNOS. SP and NKA were almost entirely co-localized at the axons and cell bodies in all layers. Double labeling with c-Kit revealed that TRPV1 nerve fibers localized adjacent to the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). These results suggest that the TRPV1-expressing nerve and its neurotransmitters regulate various functions of the large intestine. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in expression of angiotensin II receptor type 1/2 in left or right atrial tissue from patients with rheumatic valvular disease with or without atrial fibrillation.

Methods: Atrial tissue samples were obtained from 39 patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease during cardiac surgery.