Forty-three consecutive patients (27.7 +/- 16.3 years of age, range 5-63, median 25) who underwent device closure for ASD were divided into younger (age <= 25, n = 24, 15.1 +/- 1.2 years) and older (>25 years, n = 19, 43.7 +/- 2.2 years) groups. Echocardiographic evaluations were performed 1 day before and 2 days after ASD closure. Before ASD repair, early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e’) on lateral, an index of ventricular relaxation, showed an age-related decrease. After closure, e’ decreased by similar amount in both groups (p<0.05). In addition, E/e’, an index of LV filling selleck chemicals pressure, was relatively unchanged in the younger group (from 5.4 to 5.9) but significantly
increased (p<0.05) in the older group (from 6.3 to 8.1) over similarincrease
of normalized LV diastolic dimension. In older patients, ASD closure resulted in further deterioration of baseline impairment in LV relaxation and the increased LV stiffness caused a more marked rise in LV filling pressure, compared to the younger group. Thus, ASD should be closed at a younger age before the development of age-related LV diastolic dysfunction.”
“Purpose of review
In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the cause, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children.
Recent findings
The classification MEK inhibitor of ILD syndromes in children greater than 2 years of age is based largely on adult classification schemes. In children less than 2 years of age, classification has been developed and evaluated pathologically. Entities can be categorized into developmental disorders, growth abnormalities, and surfactant dysfunction disorders based on pathologic findings. Two distinctive entities, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy and pulmonary interstitial
glycogenosis, present early in life with characteristic findings. These two disorders appear to have a favorable prognosis. Diagnosis of ILD syndromes is based on the summation of history and physical findings and both noninvasive and invasive studies. Newer approaches are being evaluated to decrease IBET762 the need for lung biopsy.
Summary
Children’s interstitial lung diseases are rare diffuse lung diseases resulting from a variety of pathogenic processes that include genetic factors, association with systemic disease processes, and inflammatory or fibrotic responses to stimuli. There are unique causes and presentations seen in infancy. Diagnosis in these disorders is made by the summation of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings.”
“Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with a number of functional and structural pathological changes such as left ventricular dysfunction, cardiac remodeling, and apoptosis.