eucalypti) also has acervular to pycnidial conidiomata without a well-developed stroma, phialidic and

annellidic conidiogenous cells, and aseptate conidia, which are features typical of the Diaporthales (Rossman et al. 2007). Pseudoplagiostoma is morphologically most similar to Plagiostoma in the Gnomoniaceae. It is, however, distinct from Plagiostoma and other members of the Gnomiaceae in having a truly lateral instead of a marginal neck, and distinct appendages at both ends of its ascospores. However, it shares some features with Plagiostoma, such as oblate perithecia with a single neck, but lacking a clypeus, and thin-walled asci with a conspicuous apical ring containing medianly 1-septate ascospores (Sogonov et al. 2008). Pseudoplagiostoma developed Gnomoniaceae-like morphological characters, which can be the result of convergent evolution. Phylogenetically, Pseudoplagiostroma is more closely related to families with well-developed Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor stromatic tissue such as Diaporthaceae and Pseudovalsaceae; or families with stromatic

and non-stromatic tissues such as Valsaceae and Sydowiellaceae. This indicates that the presence (or absence) of stromata and its development should not be over Combretastatin A4 purchase emphasised when distinguishing families within Diaporthales. Castlebury et al. (2002) also emphasised that stromatal development and thickness of the ascospore MK0683 in vivo wall are of less importance than formerly suggested by Barr (1987, 1990). Phylogenetic analysis based on LSU sequences

indicated that Pseudoplagiostoma does not reside with Plagiostoma or any genus in the Gnomoniaceae, but represents a distinct clade in the Diaporthales. The genus Pseudoplagiostoma Docetaxel mw contains teleomorphic fungi with horizontal, dark, soft-textured perithecial ascomata lacking stromatic tissues, but with a lateral ostiolar neck; distinct non-amyloid asci with a refractive apical ring; eight medianly 1-septate ascospores, which have elongated appendages at both ends, but lacking true paraphyses. A new family, Pseudoplagiostomaceae, is thus described to accommodate Pseudoplagiostoma in the Diaporthales. Anamorphs of Diaporthales are generally coelomycetous, producing phialidic, often annellidic conidiogenous cells, and usually have aseptate conidia in acervular or pycnidial conidiomata, with or without a well-developed stroma (Rossman et al. 2007). Cryptonectriaceae, Diaporthaceae, Gnomoniaceae, Schizoparmeaceae and Valsaceae anamorphs produce phialides, while only Melanconidaceae and Pseudovalsaceae produce annellidic conidiogenous cells. Sydowiellaceae includes taxa with both phialidic and annellidic conidiogenous cells. According to the descriptions by Verkley (1999), Cryptosporiopsis species generally have acervular or eustromatic conidiomata. Their conidiogenous cells are determinate and phialidic, with no proliferation or formation of consecutive conidia at progressive levels.