As shown in Figure 1B, dose-dependent inhibition of T24 cell proliferation by submicromolar concentrations of as -APF was specifically and significantly decreased following CKAP4 knockdown (p <.001 for comparison of CKAP siRNA-treated cells compared to both controls at concentrations

≥ 1.25 nM), indicating the importance of this receptor for mediating APF MK-1775 cell line antiproliferative activity in T24 bladder carcinoma cells. Figure 1 CKAP4 knockdown in T24 cells. A, Western blot analysis of CKAP4 protein expression in cells electroporated in the presence of no siRNA (Lanes 1 and 2), CKAP4 siRNA (Lanes 3 and 4), or scrambled non-target (NT) siRNA (Lanes 5 and 6), and treated with as -APF (APF) or its inactive control peptide (Pep). β-actin served as a standard control. B, Inhibition of3H-thymidine incorporation QNZ mouse by as -APF (APF) in cells electroporated with no siRNA, CKAP4 siRNA, or non-target siRNA. Results are shown as percent inhibition of3H-thymidine incorporation compared to control cells that did not receive as -APF treatment. Experiment was performed in triplicate twice. APF increases p53 tumor suppressor

gene expression via CKAP4 in T24 cells HPLC-purified native APF was previously shown to significantly decrease cell cycle transit and increase p53 expression in both normal human urothelial cells and T24 bladder carcinoma cells in vitro, while p53 knockdown decreased the antiproliferative effects of APF [22]. To determine whether CKAP4 mediated APF’s Compound C solubility dmso PRKACG stimulation of p53 expression, T24 cells were treated with 500 nM synthetic as- APF or its inactive peptide control and the effects on p53 mRNA and protein expression examined. As shown in Figure 2A, p53 protein expression was increased in APF-treated (as compared to control peptide-treated) nontransfected cells. Similarly, p53 protein expression was also increased in response to APF in cells transfected with non-target siRNA, whereas p53 levels changed less in response to APF following CKAP4

knockdown (Figure 2A). qRT-PCR also showed significantly increased p53 mRNA expression following APF treatment of nontransfected or non-target siRNA-transfected, but not CKAP4 siRNA-transfected, cells (Figure 2B-D) (p <.01 for both nontransfected and non-target transfected cells, and target gene mRNA relative to β-actin or GAPDH mRNA; data shown for normalization to β-actin expression, only). These findings indicate that CKAP4 also mediates the effects of APF on p53 mRNA and protein expression in T24 cells. Figure 2 p53 expression in T24 bladder cancer cells. A, Western blot analysis of p53 protein expression in cells electroporated in the presence of no siRNA (Lanes 1 and 2), CKAP4 siRNA (Lanes 3 and 4), or scrambled non-target (NT) siRNA (Lanes 5 and 6), and treated with as -APF (APF) or its inactive control peptide (Pep). β -actin served as a standard control.