7%) and surgery (30.5%) take up more than 90% of the cost for resources. Among patients with no response, instead, both categories together take up only 73.5%, where – on the other hand – hospitalization decreases to 28.7% but surgery increases to 44%; in this stratum the share for radiotherapy too is high (19.2%), when compared with the analogous in the former stratum (6.7%). Considering, learn more moreover,

that patients with any response cost on the average two and a half times compared to patients with no response (€ 7,575 vs € 3,071), one can infer that treatment profiles are remarkably different: in the former stratum hospitalization (where chemotherapy is administered) is prevailing, while in the latter surgery and radiotherapy come first. Although the above mentioned limitations, this is the first study where

the cost of treatment for a patient with advanced melanoma Venetoclax in vitro has been estimated in Italy. Even at the international level, few cost of illness studies can be found reporting such data. Some of such studies do analyse cost as a function of the illness stage; nevertheless, due to differences in methods, their results cannot be compared with the findings of the present study. Moreover, such studies are generally focused on the total cost charged to the national health system, from which they cannot derive a per patient cost based on of epidemiological information. However, a study carried out in Spain reports cost data at patient level (referred to 2007) [21]. Based on a theoretical model, it concludes that higher costs are associated

to patients with advanced melanoma. Only direct medical costs were considered, particularly hospitalization ones, broken down by four seriousness levels of the illness: detection, resection, surgical treatment of lymphatic spread, oncologic treatment of metastatic melanoma. As a first approximation, patients included in the fourth level might be considered homogeneous with those enrolled in the MELODY study. In the Spanish study two average per patient cost data (on yearly basis) are reported with reference Histidine ammonia-lyase to advanced melanoma: for patients with lymph node metastasis (€ 6,457) and for patients with visceral metastasis (€ 1,036). Size information of the two subset is not provided, so a weighted average cannot be calculated. But, assuming approximately equal sizes, an average value would result similar to that above reported for Italy (€ 3,456). For the sake of completeness it is worthwhile reporting the results from three further studies, though no per patient cost data are there provided. In the first study, which is referred to France, the yearly (2004) cost is estimated for the French hospital system to treat patients with melanoma [22]. Such cost amounts to € 59 million, 27 (45%) of which are born for patients with metastasis. Main cost drivers are surgery (38%), follow-up evaluations (20%) and chemotherapy (17%).