For 4 weeks, along with access to HFD, one group received indomethacin (n = 5 rats, 1 mg/day) every 24hours, and the second group (n = 5 rats) was fed with HFD; a control group (6 rats) was fed with standard chow diet (SCD) for 12 weeks. We observed that indomethacin significantly revert fatty liver disease (Fig. 1). buy YAP-TEAD Inhibitor 1 The most remarkable effects of COX inhibition by indomethacin in the HFD group in comparison with the SCD group were: a 230% increase of liver expression of CPTA1 mRNA, a 100% increase of liver abundance of PCK1 mRNA (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis),

and an increase of 84% ofPPARα mRNA (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,a transcription factor that controls the expression of genes encodingfatty acid oxidation enzymes and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) (Fig. 1). As far as we know, we show for the first time that indomethacin is able to increase liver CPT1A mRNA. We can not explain the exact mechanism by which the AZD0530 drug influences liver CPT1A expression, although an inhibitory effect of

a COX product on the gene expression is an obvious option, but we agree with Orellana-Gavalda etal. that liver CPT1A is a prime target to increase beta-oxidation of hepatic long-chain fatty acids. Other explanations are probable. Indomethacin was regarded as a dual PPARγ/PPARα ligand.3 In addition, the 5′-flanking region of COX2 has several potential transcription regulatory sequences, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein motif (a gene that specifically regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis4) and two nuclear factor-κB sites (a key modulator of liver injury in NAFLD). Hence, these observations may explain the beneficial effects of indomethacin on NAFLD. In summary, our results represent proof of principle that

pharmacological COX inhibition may provide a novel approach for reversing fatty liver by modulating the liver CPT1A mRNA expression. These results also add some clues about the potential role of the inducible COX2 and its proinflammatory prostaglandin products in metabolic disorders, including NAFLD. Maria S. Rosselli M.Sc.*, Adriana L. Burgueño Ph.D.†, Carlos J. Pirola Ph.D.†, Silvia Sookoian M.D., Ph.D.*, * Department of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, udad Autónoma see more de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Argentina, † Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of Complex Diseases, Institute of Medical Research “Alfredo Lanari” Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, University of Buenos Aires–National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires Argentina. “
“A 65 year-old male cadavaric renal transplant (CRT) recipient maintained on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus, and low-dose prednisone for 7 years presented with a 10-month history of diarrhea and a 60-pound weight loss.