Huh7.5.1 cells, a human hepatocyte cell line that supports replication of HCV in vitro, were a gift from Apath (Brooklyn,

NY). Huh7.5.1 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin. Cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) from six individual donors were purchased from ZenBio (Research Triangle Park, NC) and used in the current study. Peripheral blood was collected in BD Vacutainer tubes PLX3397 purchase (containing 143 USP units of sodium

heparin per 10-mL tube, BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ) from patients chronically infected with HCV or from healthy donors. Plasma was separated from blood cells by centrifugation and then stored at −80°C until use. Plasma HCV viral loads were measured using the COBAS TaqMan HCV Test (Roche, Pleasanton, CA) in a certified clinical laboratory. Anti-HCV E2 Abs in these plasma samples were titrated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay modified from a previous report19 (and Supporting Material). Navitoclax Informed consent was obtained from each participant and all investigational protocols were approved by Institutional Review Boards for Human Research at the Indiana University School of Medicine (Indianapolis, IN). JFH-1, a unique HCV genotype 2a replicon derived from a viral isolate of a patient with

fulminant HCV, was a gift from Apath (Brooklyn, NY). JFH-1 was inoculated into Huh7.5.1 cells at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1. On day 5 of incubation cell-free supernatants were collected by MCE a centrifugation at 15,000 rpm at 4°C for 10 minutes and then filtered through a 0.2-μm-pore-size filter, followed by virus purification using 20% versus 60% two-layer sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation as described.12 Four fractions collected by aspiration from the top were subjected to: (1) ELISA for measuring HCV core concentration, (2) real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for measuring viral RNA copies, and (3) western blot for measuring CD59. Fraction 3 was also subjected to HCV capture.