The study yielded information useful in the planning and targeting of interventions. An important focus should be Doramapimod solubility dmso on reaching risk groups such as immigrants VFR and other travelers on self-organized trips. The authors state they have no conflicts of interest to declare. “
“Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine is recommended for travelers to Asia whose itineraries increase their risk of exposure to JE virus. The numbers of travelers with such itineraries and the proportion of those who receive JE vaccine are unknown. We performed a survey to estimate the proportion of US travelers to Asia who receive JE vaccine according to
the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations. We surveyed US residents ≥18 years old departing on 38 flights to Asia selected through a stratified random sample of all direct flights to JE-endemic countries from three US airports. We asked participants about planned itineraries and activities, sources of travel health information, JE vaccination status, and potential barriers to vaccination.
Participants planning to spend ≥30 days in Asia or at least half of their time in rural areas were defined as “higher JE risk” travelers see more for whom vaccination should have been considered. Of 2,341 eligible travelers contacted, 1,691(72%) completed the survey. Among these 1,691 participants, 415 (25%) described itineraries for which JE vaccination should have been considered. Of these 415 higher JE risk travelers, only 47 (11%) reported receiving ≥1 dose of JE vaccine. Of the 164 unvaccinated higher JE risk travelers who visited a health care provider before their trip, 113 (69%) indicated that they had never heard of JE vaccine or their health care provider had not offered or recommended JE vaccine. A quarter of surveyed US
travelers to Asia reported planned itineraries for which JE vaccination should have been considered. However, few of these at-risk travelers received JE vaccine. Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the most common cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis in Asia. Among an estimated 67,000 annual cases, 20 to 30% of patients die and 30 to 50% of survivors have neurologic ADP ribosylation factor sequelae.[1-3] JE virus transmission occurs primarily in rural agricultural areas. In most temperate areas of Asia, JE is seasonal and large epidemics can occur. In the subtropics and tropics, transmission can occur year-round, often intensifying during the rainy season. In endemic countries, JE is primarily a disease of children. However, travel-associated JE can occur among persons of any age.[4] For most travelers to Asia, the risk for JE is very low but varies with destination, duration, season, and activities.