If the angular coefficient is positive, Y shows an increasing trend; if it is negative, Y shows a decreasing trend. Angular coefficients with p-value < 5% in the t-test were considered statistically Roxadustat significant. 11

Regressions were generated: for the total in each age group and for each type of leukemia; for boys and girls in each age group; and for each type of leukemia. A total of 96 regressions were analyzed. The best model was chosen by the lower value criterion of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the lower values of Schwarz’s Information Criterion, also known as Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).11 Significances of the βˆ2 model were also evaluated, and in case of a draw, the simplest model was chosen, i.e., the linear one. Excel 2007 (Microsoft, Washington, USA) and Eviews (IHS Global Inc. Califórnia, USA) software programs were used for the statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at 5%. The study was

approved by the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. The population of deaths from leukemia in children SCR7 nmr and adolescents (0-19 years) in Brazil consisted of 30,029 cases reported in the period of 1980-2010. Table 1 shows the results of the best models for each combination of the variables gender, age range, and type of leukemia, including the total data for both genders and all types of leukemias. An annual Interleukin-2 receptor percentage rate was found showing a 4.24% decrease in mortality (for ages 0-4 years) when evaluating the leukemias in general, without establishing subgroups and irrespective of gender. Mortality rates from lymphoid leukemias showed an increasing trend, except in boys aged 0-4 years, which showed an annual percentage decrease of 1.21%. Mortality rates for myeloid leukemia showed an increasing trend, and the most accentuated rate, with an annual percentage of 1.77% was observed in the age group 0-4 years, analyzed in both genders (Fig. 1). Mortality rates for

the subgroup of other types of leukemias showed a decreasing trend, with the most prominent among them observed for females in the age group 5-9 years, with an annual percentage decrease of 4.16% per year. The analysis of historical trends in mortality is more suitable for assessing the progress of cancer than the incidence trend. This assertion is based on the fact that vital statistics, such as mortality, are less subject to changes in surveillance and cancer recording practices than registry data (e.g., data for calculation of incidence).12 In epidemiology, studies of temporal trends may be useful in the construction of the phenomenon etiology or validation of associations between risk (mortality and incidence) and disease.