Finally, the neuropathophysiology of TBI may be complicated by secondary neurological and systemic medical problems. Some develop as a consequence of TBI (eg, post-traumatic seizures, cerebral edema, subfalcinc or transtentorial herniation, Pacritinib FLT3 vasconstrictive ischemic infarctions), some arise as concurrent, consequences of biomechanical craniocerebral trauma (eg, epidural or subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial infection), and others are the result, of concurrent physical injuries or medical

interventions (eg, hypovolemia, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical hypotension, hypoxia-ischemia, systemic infection/sepsis, iatrogenic sedation). Although these arc most, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical commonly problems among persons hospitalized as a result, of TBI, their development is not, limited to hospitalized patients and they require consideration in all cases as potential contributors to neuropsychiatric disturbances and targets of medical and neurorehabilitative interventions. Post-traumatic encephalopathy; a framework for addressing neuropsychiatric disturbances during TBI rehabilitation Evaluation and treatment approaches follow logically from Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the philosophy within which clinical phenomena are observed and interpreted and diagnoses formulated.66 This is particularly so when facing the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges presented by post- traumatic

cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and sensorimotor (ie, neuropsychiatric) disturbances: an understanding of such problems borne of traditional guild-like perspectives of neurosurgery, neurology, psychiatry, or rehabilitation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical medicine (and related disciplines) increases these challenges by focusing narrowly or emphasizing disproportionately Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical one or another elements of the patient’s presentation germane to (ie, within the more limited scope of practice of) each of these disciplines. The information

presented in the preceding sections of this article highlights the need for a transdisciplinary understanding of traumatic brain injury and its consequences, and calls for a neuropsychiatrically-informed, neurobiologically-anchored clinical approach. Our group suggested previously6,22 AV-951 that the pattern and course of clinical phenomena www.selleckchem.com/products/Bosutinib.html typical of the early post-injury period are usefully conceptualized as a post-traumatic encephalopathy. In the following section, it is suggested that this concept serves usefully as a foundation upon which to develop such an transdisciplinary clinical approach. Definition of post-traumatic encephalopathy Post-traumatic encephalopathy (PTE) denotes the clinical manifestations of brain dysfunction that develop immediately following application of an external physical force (including acceleration/deceleration and/or blast-related forces) to the brain.